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To mask or not to mask: confusion spreads over coronavirus protection

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(Reuters) – “Do not wear a mask if you are well” read a warning plastered across the front of Singapore’s main newspaper on Friday, as authorities around the world sought to calm panic buying of masks seen as a guard against the fast-spreading coronavirus.

A sign is posted on a medical supply store that says surgical and N95 masks are already out of stock, in Manila, Philippines, January 31, 2020. REUTERS/Eloisa Lopez

In neighboring Malaysia, the government urged people to always have masks and hand sanitizers ready, similar to advice by authorities in Thailand and Vietnam.

Conflicting messages have sowed confusion over how to protect against an epidemic that has claimed over 200 lives in China and spread to over 20 countries, with some experts saying wrong handling of masks could even increase infection risk.

“Wearing a mask only when u feel unwell? Then why do u need soldiers when there isn’t war? It’s better to be safe than sorry” Facebook user Kenny Chan Wai Kong posted in Singapore, where authorities have announced plans to give four masks to every household as retailers’ stocks run dry across the island.

In parts of Asia, wearing face masks is common when people are sick or to counter urban pollution.

Official guidance from the World Health Organisation and the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention makes no mention of wearing a face mask as a preventative measure against the virus – but their websites do not specifically advise against them.

Australia and Taiwan have said healthy people don’t need masks, but Australia has released 1 million masks from the national medical stockpile, and masks are widely worn in Taiwan’s capital Taipei where the government has imposed purchase limits and an export ban on masks.

The Taiwan Railway Administration said on Friday that if the virus continues to spread it will refuse to carry passengers not wearing masks.

MASKS MUST BE FITTED CORRECTLY

Coronavirus can be transmitted from person to person, although it is not clear how easily. Most cases have been in people who have been in the Chinese city of Wuhan at the center of the outbreak, family members of those infected, or medical workers.

Transmission is likely through contact with an infected person via particles in the air from coughing or sneezing, or by someone touching an infected person or object with the virus on it and then touching their mouth, nose or eyes.

“Situations that require a mask are when you are in a crowd…or if you are caring for a sick person. If it makes you feel better, wear a surgical mask,” Angela Rasmussen, virologist at the Center for Infection & Immunity at Columbia University said on the Reuters Global Markets Forum.

Other experts have said disposable surgical masks may not fit the face tightly enough to prevent infection, while some have pointed out that wrong handling of masks such as touching the front could increase the likelihood of infection spread.

In Hong Kong, a lawmaker who chairs the city’s government health services panel was slammed over a short video she posted showing people how to steam and re-use disposable face masks.

More unusual advice has seen India’s government suggest a traditional concoction that includes ginger and holy basil as virus protection, while a Myanmar minister was rebuked for sharing a Facebook post that advised people to eat more onions.

Some overseas Chinese have been buying masks to send to friends and relatives in China, where some stocks have been running out. Chinese citizens living in Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia sent 150,000 masks back to their home province of Gansu on Thursday, China’s Xinhua news agency reported.

In China, where nearly 10,000 cases have been reported so far, Zunyou Wu, chief epidemiologist at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, told state broadcaster that people need to wear masks when taking public transport.

Reporting by John Geddie, Aradhana Aravindan and Keith Zhai in Singapore, Joseph Sipalan in Kuala Lumpur, Khahn Vu in Hanoi, Jiraporn Kuhakan and Panu Wongcha-um in Bangkok, Ben Blanchard in Taipei, Anne Marie Roantree in Hong Kong, Euan Roche in Mumbai, Thu Thu Aung in Yangon and Jonathan Barrett in Sydney; Writing by John Geddie; Editing by Michael Perry

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El Salvador gets new port from Guatemala

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Guatemalan President Alejandro Giammattei offered his Salvadoran counterpart, Nayib Bukele, the opportunity to build and operate a port in Guatemalan waters in the Atlantic Ocean to promote commerce.

Giammattei, who took office in January, said the governments will work to develop a legal framework so that El Salvador can develop projects through a public-private partnership on the Guatemalan coast, Reuters reports.

“We have offered El Salvador something unprecedented in the history of Central American integration, and today I want to announce it publicly because we are going to explore, as soon as possible, the possibility that El Salvador has a port in the Atlantic, in the Guatemalan Atlantic,” Giammattei said during a news conference at the Salvadoran presidential residence.

El Salvador, the smallest country in the isthmus, has a Pacific coast but no access to the Atlantic Ocean.

The two leaders met on Monday in the Salvadoran capital to announce that flight routes between the countries will be considered local in order to reduce costs and encourage tourism.

In addition, the presidents said that they are working to achieve the free movement of people across borders, harmonize customs and coordinate security plans to fight gangs and criminal groups operating in the region.

Salvadoran President Bukele said the governments will seek to invest in hotel construction and logistics centers in the Guatemalan Atlantic, in addition to boosting the flow of goods, without giving details.

“This is something historic, I can’t remember anything this great happening as far as Central American unity is concerned,” Bukele said.

Reporting by Nelson Renteria in San Salvador and Sofia Menchu in Guatemala City; Editing by Sandra Maler

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New Panama Canal Bridge Ready To Begin

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Work on the Fourth Bridge over the Panama Canal is set to begin at the end of March according to the Chinese construction consortium and the Ministry of Public Works.

The consortium and the ministry reported that the alignment of the project and an understanding of the methodology that will be used to estimate costs have been disseminated, Newsroom Panama reports.

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Number of Small Businesses In Costa Rica Up 10%

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On average, microempresas (small businesses) in Costa Rica have 13 years of economic activity, but there are differences by sector: in the agricultural sector, the average is 20 years, in the industry sector is 14 years, in the trade sector is 12 years and in the service sector the average 11 years, reported the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC).

According to the Encuesta Nacional de Microempresas de los Hogares 2019 (National Survey of Household Microenterprises 2019), “… another aspect that characterizes the microempresas, is that in 93.8% of economic activities, the producer works individually, with their partners or with people who help occasionally or unpaid (own account), the remaining 6.2%, are owners who employ people on a paid and permanent (employers), basis whether in their own home or another.

By sector of economic activity in 2019, of the 396,796 microempresas, the service sector accounted for 43.2%, with the highest concentration. In addition, industry accounts for 21.7%, commerce for 21.1% and agriculture for 14.1%.

Regarding service activities, the highest percentage of businesses are: transportation, food services, gardeners, beauty treatments, shrimp. In commerce, retail sales in establishments, at home and in the street prevail, as well as the maintenance and repair of motor vehicles; in industry, construction, the manufacture of bakery products and the production of dairy products predominate. In the agricultural activities, coffee and banana crops, cattle raising and pig farming are the most important. These are some examples of greater relative importance within a great diversity of activities developed by this sector of household enterprises.”

See full document (in Spanish).

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Interest Rates Caps and Debtor Exclusion

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Rodrigo Cubero

In Costa Rica, a bill under discussion seeks caps on interest rates on loans, a measure that could lead to a reduction in credit for higher-risk borrowers.

Bernardo Alfaro (left) and Rodrigo Cubero (right) appearing this week before the legislative committee on tax affairs

As part of the discussion in the Legislative Assembly, the heads of the Central Bank of Costa Rica (BCCR), Rodrigo Cubero, and the General Superintendence of Financial Entities (Sugef), Bernardo Alfaro, were asked to give their views on the content of the proposed bill.

Both officials agree that setting interest rate ceilings will lead to changes in the local market, as the financial system could exclude some clients and also some incentives would be lost.

Alfaro told Elobservador.cr that “… If the main purpose of the rate (of usury) is the protection of the consumer, then the rate must be set at the extreme prices; but if the caps on interest rates are a policy instrument, to achieve a lower cost of credit, the rates are compromised.”

Cubero explained that “… Establishing maximum limits on interest rates could have effects such as foreclosure, given a reduction in supply for the riskiest debtors. This is according to international evidence. Those most affected are lower-income financial clients and micro and small businesses, since transactions are more expensive and have a higher risk profile, and they have no guarantees. Exclusion leads to the loss of traceability of operations, with a direct effect on taxation.”

The comments were made before the Committee on Tax Affairs of the Legislative Assembly.

Both defended the methodological calculation that would set the interest cap around 45% and that has been questioned by some legislators.

Cubero highlighted the World Bank’s findings on the experience of caps on interest rates around the world, with two common findings:

  • Exclusion of the poorest
  • Increase in the total cost of credits, through commissions and others

“This is why the rate must be high enough, to avoid exclusion and determine the crime of usury (…) Always with the understanding that this rate is set at a level that avoids abuse and minimizes financial exclusion,” said Cubero.

He also said that the usury rate must be over an effective rate, not a nominal rate, as it must include costs and commissions, which is the most real calculation.

The president of the Central Bank emphasized that the World Bank has recommended alternative measures such as promoting financial education and strengthening the Credit Information Center, where all debts are recorded.

In the coming weeks, legislators will continue to discuss the issue, as the aim is to adopt a legal framework to sanction those who charge fees outside the market.

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Women’s Leadership in Trade Costa Rica-United States

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(Press Release) Gisela Sánchez assumes the presidency of the Board of Directors of AMCHAM Costa Rica, the largest multi-sector chamber in Costa Rica, to strengthen the essential objectives that since its foundation in 1973 have recognized AMCHAM, to promote commerce and investment between Costa Rica and the United States.

Gisela Sanchez’s leadership is evident in the projects and initiatives she has executed at FIFCO since 2008, making her one of the most recognized companies in the region. This experience allows her to have a broad vision of how to improve the commercial relationship between Costa Rica and the United States and how to support companies so that the can grow and increase their competitiveness.

This appointment also highlights how more and more women are occupying leadership positions. “I am committed to promoting women’s leadership, in this case by articulating the 90 productive sectors that make up AMCHAM, to promote business growth and foreign direct investment, as well as commercial linkages. I hope to represent in the best way possible the women of the country” Gisela Sanchez, Chairman of the Board of AMCHAM and Director of Corporate Relations of FIFCO.

Since 2010 Gisela Sanchez is a member of the Board of Directors of AMCHAM and since January 28th she will be the President.

Gisela is the Director of Corporate Relations of Florida Ice & Farm Co. (a Costa Rican company with operations in Central America and the United States). Prior to joining this company, she worked as a consultant for governments, NGOs and companies in Central America in the areas of competitiveness and corporate social responsibility.

In 2006, she published two books: “10 Casos sobre Buenas Prácticas en Responsabilidad Social Empresarial” and “El Potencial Competitivo de Guatemala”. In 2001, she began her work with Fundación AVINA in Latin America where she held the position of manager of strategic initiatives supporting the development of social and environmental leaders in the Latin American region.

Before joining AVINA, she worked as a researcher and project coordinator at the Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development at INCAE Business School.

Gisela a Costa Rican woman, an industrial engineer, and obtained her master’s degree in business administration from the Kellogg School of Business at Northwestern University, with an emphasis on marketing and strategy. She is a CALI (Central American Leadership Initiative) Fellow, received the Stephan Schmidheiny Award for Innovation in Sustainability in 2013 and received the John Mc Nulty Award in 2015.

Gisela has been nominated twice as one of Central America´s 50 most influential women by Forbes Magazine.

Press contact: Angélica Zamora angelicazamora@proximacomunicacion.com

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Government will present a bill to lower the price of medicines in Costa Rica

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Costa Rica's drug cost is among the highest in the region with up to 35% difference between one pharmacy and another

A study by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Commerce (MEIC) determined that the Costa Rican drug market is oligopolistic because it is concentrated in the hands of a few, who control prices and make it very difficult for others to enter on equal terms.

Costa Rica’s drug cost is among the highest in the region with up to 35% difference between one pharmacy and another

An example of this is a purchase of a box of 30 tablets of Atorvastatin, a pill that helps reduce the so-called “bad cholesterol” and triglycerides, that is fraught with abysmal price differences, up to 35% between different pharmacies.

The drug can cost ¢25,962.41 in one “farmacia” (pharmacy or drug store); ¢17,166.15 in another; and ¢16,342 in the third, according to the MEIC done in June 2019.

The “Estudio del Mercado Privado de Medicamentos a Nivel Detallista en Costa Rica” (Study of the Private Market of Medicinal Products at the Retail Level in Costa Rica) is one that the government is using to promote several legislative bills aimed at reducing the price of medicines and increasing the population’s access to these products. See the study in PDF format here.

Daniel Salas, Minister of Health, confirmed that they are currently working on a bill that they would present to the Legislative Assembly in February.

The intention he said, is “to ensure a drop in prices in the market”.

Salas acknowledged that the cost of medicines in Costa Rican private pharmacies is one of the highest in Latin America and the world.

In Nicaragua, for example, drugs cost 25% of what they are in Costa Rica; and in Honduras half, according to MEIC data.

“The bill seeks a balance between the price of entry into the country (known as CIF), the distribution chain, profit margins and the strengthening of pharmacovigilance (the practice of monitoring the effects of medical drugs after they have been licensed for use).

“It is a bill that is evolving. There is an awareness of the Government of impacting the medication policy and that a decrease in price is really felt so that there is more access,”  explained Salas.

The proposed bill is in addition to several decrees that are in process; among these, one for doctors to prescribe a drug but not a brand, but with the WHO international common denomination, or active substance of the drug.

Another decree would allow parallel imports, that is, placed into circulation are non-counterfeit products imported from another country without the permission of the owner of the intellectual property.

Millions of dollars at stake

This is not the first time that the government talks about bills to lower the price of drugs in private pharmacies.

Rogelio Pardo Evans, Minister of Health from 1998 to 2002, promoted several actions to achieve that goal, without success, during his four years in the position. Pardo signed, in a single month (August 1998), six decrees to open the market to free competition and stimulate a drop in prices.

Five years ago, the then minister of Health, María Elena López, announced the creation of a drug price monitoring system, which would be fed by consumers from their cell phones.

According to her, this would diminish “the big differences between pharmacies for the same products”. The system had to be developed by the Digital Government, but it did not prosper.

What would be different today, with this proposal?

According to Salas, the decision to carry out this comprehensive strategy is of the highest level.

“(…) in this case, the President (Carlos Alvarado Quesada) and the Minister of the Presidency (Víctor Morales Mora) are very clear that this is what we want to promote,” he told La Nacion.

The private medicine market in Costa Rica is close to US$550 million annually, according to MEIC research.

When the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS) public investment in medicines, the market would easily reach US$1 billion annually.

Household spending is also significant. For 2017, it exceeded ¢190,000 million colones, according to MEIC data. 71% of that expense was made by people in the highest income brackets.

In Costa Rica,  5,700 drug patents are registered; Of these, only 47 have bioequivalence, the Asociación de Farmacéuticos y Propietarios de Farmacias Independientes de Costa Rica (Afaprofaco) – Association of Pharmacists and Independent Pharmacy Owners of Costa Rica –  reported.

The value chain in Costa Rica, from lab to consumer

According to Arnoldo Trejos Dobles, director of Investigaciones Económicas y de Mercados, del MEIC, and one of those responsible for reviewing the June 2019 MEIC study, without mentioning names, reported: “that four ‘droguerías’ (responsible for distributing drugs in pharmacies) has 70% of the private market.”

In total, in Costa Rica there 77 laboratories (national and foreign) that produce farmacos (drugs), 221 distributors, and 1,167 private retail pharmacies (independents and chains) in addition to the public pharmacies by the CCSS and the Instituto Nacional de Seguros (INS) – state insurer that runs public hospitals and clinics for its insured.

 

 

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ICE Ends Era of Building Hydroelectric Plants

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View of part of the Reventazón Hydroelectric plant on September 16, 2016 when it was inaugurated. Its initial value was $ 757 million and ended at $ 1,567 million (107% difference) which impacted the financial balance of ICE and rates. / Photography: Alonso Tenorio.

The Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE) announced the end of an era by ruling out the construction of more of its own hydroelectric plants; a decision that could lead to a reduction of electricity rates in Costa Rica.

View of part of the Reventazón Hydroelectric plant on September 16, 2016 when it was inaugurated. Its initial cost was US$757 million and ended at US$1.567 bllion (107% difference) which impacted the financial balance of ICE and electricity rates. / Photo: Alonso Tenorio.

The decision was applauded by the industrial sector that has historically criticized ICE for the high cost of its investments and its impact on electricity rates.

Hazel Cepeda Hodgson, ICE general manager, confirmed that the entity does not foresee new own power generation works for at least seven years.

The forecast is that it will be until 2027 when ICE will review if it is necessary to increase the capacity for generation and if so, it will most likely opt for geothermal generation.

“Although ICE will not enter into the construction of new projects in the coming years, the analysis and planning of the energy matrix dictates that by 2027 we review whether we should undertake a new project at the end of the useful life of some of our plants. If so, it would be in geothermal energy where there is great potential,” Cepeda explained in an interview with La Nación on January 23.

When asked if this implied for the ICE to give up new hydro projects, Cepeda replied: “Definitely. What we will work on will be research and development very cautiously in geothermal energy”.

In the country, there is a capacity to develop hydro projects but the majority of rivers are located in indigenous territories or national parks; a circumstance that legally prevents ICE from carrying them out.

For now, the Instituto plans for the year 2034 the possible expansion of six of its own geothermal parks and once in operation, a wind farm of its own (there are another six planned, but with private capital) and two private solar projects.

 

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Costa Rica captures three Nicaraguans suspected of killing a family in their homeland

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Police made the arrests this Tuesday at dawn. Photo: Édgar Chinchilla

The Policía Profesional de Migración de Costa Rica (Costa Rica’s immigration police) reported on Wednesday the capture of three Nicaraguans wanted for the killing of a family in the Maio Indian Reserve, in Nicaragua, in October 2019.

Police made the arrests this Tuesday at dawn. Photo: Édgar Chinchilla

Nicaraguan authorities never confirmed the finding of the murdered family, but at the time the Fundación del Río, through environmentalist Amaru Ruiz denounced the massacre caused by land conflicts.

The three Nicaraguans, including two brothers named García Calderón, were arrested in Pital de San Carlos, in the province of Alajuela. The third captured is identified by his last names Morales Sequeira.

Stephen Madden, director of the immigration police, said the arrests were made at 5:50 am Tuesday, and that the detainees are wanted for “several homicides on the Nicaragua side.”

Costa Rican authorities used information provided by the Dirección de Inteligencia y Seguridad (IS) – Directorate of Intelligence and Security.

“The detainees were transferred to the Central Region Apprehension Center in Heredia, where consultations will be held with Nicaraguan authorities to confirm the arrest warrants,” Costa Rica’s immigration service reported.

According to information reported by Nicaragua’s La Prensa, the massacre occurred in the La Pimienta community, in San Juan de Nicaragua, municipality of Río San Juan.

The murder occurred on Thursday, October 3, 2019, and the deceased were identified as: Pablo Calderón Espinoza, 80; Lucrecia Pérez Dormu, 40; Yadira Pérez Martínez, 22; Isaías Calderón Pérez, 16; and one-year-old Pablo Alonzo Calderón.

“Conflict and insecurity in southeastern Nicaragua has increased due to land trafficking, mining, the invasion of settlers, the lack of institutionalism in the country and the lack of interest of the Ortega Murillo regime of addressing the environmental and social situation.’ environmentalist Amaru Ruiz. Ruiz shared on her Facebook profile last October.

In the social networks circulated a complaint allegedly prepared by inhabitants of the area, where they pointed to an ex-mobilized of the Resistance as the alleged author of the crime. The complaint stated that the man called “Domo” had committed eight murders for reasons of land trafficking in the Biological Reserve, not including the massacre of the Calderón Espinoza family.

Despite the seriousness of the complaint, the “Orteguista Police” (police loyal to the Ortega regimen) never ruled on the case, nor confirmed that there was a massacre.

Waiting on Nicaraguan authorities

Costa Rica now has to wait for Nicaragua to request the extradition of the suspects.

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Italy Deported Laureano Ortega; In Spain He Is Called “Asesino” by Protesters

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The Government of Italy declared Laureano Ortega, son of President Daniel Ortega, a persona non grata, and therefore did not allow him to enter the country, where he would have attended an opera concert.

Nicaraguan protesters in Madrid against Laureano Ortega, representative of the Nicaraguan government at FITUR

In Madrid, Nicaraguan protesters concentrated at the International Tourism Fair (FITUR) to protest against the presence of Laureano Ortega in Spain, son of Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega, shouting “asesino” (murderer).

In addition, other groups such as Unidos Por Nicaragua and Sos Nicaragua also held a protest against Ortega.

Laureano traveled to Spain on behalf of the Nicaraguan government and his presence has already been the subject of criticism from politicians and groups fighting for human rights in Nicaragua.

Laureano was sanctioned by the United States government for corruption and human rights violations.

But, not only the United States has shown rejection of Laureano Ortega’s activities, but in

Europe, they are also taking into account the conflict in the country governed by the Sandinistas is experiencing.

On December 19, the European Parliament passed the resolution Situation of Human Rights and Democracy in Nicaragua, to demand individual sanctions from the senior officials responsible for repression and ask the regime to return to negotiations, as well as sanitation. of the Supreme Electoral Council.

Since 2018, Spain has been among the main countries of refuge for Nicaraguans fleeing the repression of the Ortega-Murillo regime, with up to 7,299 requests for international protection that citizens of Nicaragua have submitted to Spain’s Ministry of Interior.

 

Article originally appeared on Today Nicaragua and is republished here with permission.

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In the face of crimes against women, there is only community support, feminists say

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In the first 30 days of 2020, at least 6 women have been killed. To this must be added the 63 femicides that occurred in 2019 and that are part of the 647 cases registered in the last 10 years.

Unprotected … women seeking justice

Currently, a very high level of insecurity for women is perceived in the country after recent cases of kidnappings, rapes, assaults, and murders.

Faced with this situation and the lack of effectiveness of the complaint, the activist and defender of women’s rights, Mirna Blandón, says that civil society must “embody women, accompany them, protect them, advise them”.

For her part, Eveling Flores of the Women’s Network Against Violence (RMCV) says that “we know that it is the State’s responsibility to guarantee the life of its citizens, but lately they are not doing it, because the officials are working more as partisan operators than as public officials.”

According to Flores, given the lack of commitment on the part of the State to attend to femicides, the best thing that women can do is to organize, meet with their neighbors and relatives “in order to define a plan and see how they will act in the face of violence”.

Femicide in Nicaragua is recognized only among couples

Last year, the National Police acknowledged that in Nicaragua there were barely 23 femicides, 50 less than those reported by the Catholic Observatory for the Right to Decide.

This discrepancy of figures occurs because Law 779 Ley Integral Contra la Violencia Hacia las Mujeres (Comprehensive Law Against Violence Towards Women), amended in 2012, now femicide is only recognized when it happens between couples or in the private sphere, a modification widely questioned by feminist activists.

 

“When they say it is in the private space, women are limited to asking the community for help,” explains Blandón. In addition, the problem with this typification is that violence and murders against women “do not occur only at home, also occurs in the street” and even by strangers.

Blandón says that given the current situation of violence, campaigns against violence against women must be carried out from the Ministry of Education or the media.

“The State is not committed. It believes that this is to prepare a document and then leave it,” questioned Flores.

Translated from the article “Ante ola de crímenes contra mujeres, solo queda respaldo de comunidad, dicen feministas” published at Nicaraguainvestiga.com. Read the original here.

Article originally appeared on Today Nicaragua and is republished here with permission.

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Costa Rica pay-TV soccer channel FUTV to launch next month

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A new pay-TV channel dedicated exclusively to Costa Rican futbol (soccer) will launch on February 29 Canal FUTV signaling the end of top-tier matches on free-to-air TV, reports La Republica.

The channel will air games featuring Saprissa, Alajuelense, Herediano, Cartagines, Municipal Grecia, Perez Zeledon and Limon on an exclusive basis and will initially be available on the cable TV platforms of Cabletica, Telecable, and Kolbi platforms, with Tigo (Millicom) also expressing an interest but yet to add it to its offer, said the report.

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7.7 Earthquake Shakes the Coast of Jamaica – USGS

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The US Geological Survey (USGS) reported a powerful, 7.7-magnitude earthquake in the strait between Jamaica and Cuba on Tuesday afternoon.

A tsunami warning was issued for Jamaica, Cuba, Belize, Honduras and the Cayman Islands, but that threat has now passed.

The earthquake was reported at a depth of 10 kilometers, 117 kilometers northwest of Lucea, Jamaica. It was initially reported as a 7.3-magnitude but was quickly upgraded to a 7.7-magnitude.

Residents of Jamaica’s capital, Kingston, on the far side of the island reported on the European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC) website they felt a strong quake that lasted between 30 and 40 seconds.

The quake was reportedly felt as far away as the Mexican coastline. One person who said they were from Othon Blanco in Quintana Roo state wrote: “As I was laying on my bed I started to see how all the plants started to move and the bed moved it just felt really strange because the whole hotel was moving just a little bit and I could see the water in the glass moving. But normally this is not something that happens here.”

A magnitude-6.1 aftershock was reported by the USGS close to the Cayman Islands a little more than two hours after the initial quake.​​​

The earthquake is one of the strongest to have ever hit Jamaica, possibly the strongest ever. Past destructive quakes have included the deadly 1907 quake that hit Kingston, estimated at magnitude 6.5, and the catastrophic 1692 quake that submerged the old city of Kingston, which is judged to have been roughly a 7.5-magnitude quake.

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Countries evacuate citizens from China as coronavirus infections rise

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A flight carrying around 200 Japanese nationals arrived at Tokyo's Haneda airport on Wednesday

Japan and the US were the first to evacuate their citizens from Wuhan on Wednesday as the death toll from a coronavirus outbreak in China rose to 132.

Japanese authorities delivered masks and other medical supplies to Wuhan on their evacuation flight

With the number of confirmed cases now at nearly 6,000, the scale of the crisis has now exceeded the number of infected during the 2002-03 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak that killed roughly 800 people.

A Japanese plane with roughly 200 people on board arrived at Tokyo’s Haneda airport on Wednesday morning. Authorities said four of the passengers were taken to hospital with fevers.

A US charter flight carrying 201 American evacuees from Wuhan is continuing its way to southern California after everyone on board passed two health screening tests in the Alaskan city of Anchorage, where the plane also stopped to refuel.

The plane carried staffers from the local US consulate, as well as other US citizens. The screenings were carried out by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“The whole plane erupted in cheers when the crew said, `Welcome home to the United States,’ ” said Alaska’s Chief Medical Officer Anne Zink.

A flight carrying around 200 Japanese nationals arrived at Tokyo’s Haneda airport on Wednesday

Quarantine on asylum-seeker island

The governments of Australia and New Zealand said they would work together to evacuate citizens from the province of Hubei, where Wuhan is situated. Evacuees are set to be quarantined on Christmas Island for up to 14 days. The remote Australian territory in the Indian Ocean is best known for being used to hold asylum-seekers who had attempted to reach Australia by boat, as well as foreigners convicted of crimes in Australia awaiting deportation.

The European Union will fly citizens home aboard two French planes later this week. South Korea and Mongolia have planned similar evacuations.

Canada and the Philippines are among the other countries monitoring the situation and weighing options to get their citizens home.

Many countries have urged their citizens to “reconsider” all trips planned to China. UK airline British Airways on Wednesday suspended all flights to and from the country.

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Latin America and the Caribbean experience slight increase in unemployment, which could get worse in 2020

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More than 25 million seek employment in Latin America and the Caribbean and do not find work in a region that faces growing demands for greater opportunities and equality

ILO News – The labor markets of Latin America and the Caribbean are going through a moment of uncertainty, which can be seen in a slight rise in the regional unemployment rate and these signs of instability could get worse in 2020. These key findings were presented today during the launch of the 2019 Labour Overview of Latin America and the Caribbean.

More than 25 million seek employment in Latin America and the Caribbean and do not find work in a region that faces growing demands for greater opportunities and equality

“The labor market situation is complex,” said Juan Hunt, Regional Director a.i. of the ILO Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, while speaking during the report launch event in the Peruvian capital.

The estimated average regional unemployment rate for the end of 2019 is 8.1%, compared to the 8.0% rate for 2018. While the increase is small, it still means that more than 25 million people are actively looking for employment and they are not finding work.

This upward trend in unemployment could increase and reach 8.4% in 2020 if the region continues to experience moderate economic growth. The latest Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) estimates place the average growth of 2019 at 0.1% and forecast a low level for 2020 of 1.3%.

The report emphasizes that there is an upward trend behind the regional average unemployment rate. The rise in unemployment was predominant in nine of 14 Latin American countries. In the English-speaking Caribbean, on the other hand, there was a decrease in unemployment by 0.7 percentage points.

The Labour Overview also highlights the relevance of Brazil and Mexico in the regional average. It notes that without including these two countries, the average unemployment rate would register a more pronounced increase of 0.5%, according to the data as of the third quarter of 2019.

The report adds that despite the continuous increase in women’s labor participation, which reached 50.9% in the third quarter of 2019, it is still more than 20 percentage points below that of men, which is 74.3%.

In 2019, female unemployment rose 0.2 percentage points in the regional average, to 10.2%, while that of men remained unchanged at 7.3%. This indicates that the increase in regional unemployment disproportionately affected women.

The situation of youth in the region is alarming. In the third quarter of 2019, the regional unemployment rate was 19.8%, which implies that one in five young people in the labor force cannot find employment. This is the highest level recorded of that rate in the last decade.

“The lack of decent work opportunities for young people causes great concern because it is a source of discouragement and frustration. This has been reflected in the front line of recent protests in the region, calling for changes to aim for a better future,” said Hunt.

Social demands and instability

The ILO Regional Director also emphasized that recent demonstrations in the region by citizens calling for better opportunities and greater equality are evidence of the persistence of decent work deficits.

“Opportunities to access decent and productive employment, with fair wages, social inclusion, social protection and labor rights, are key to responding to social demands. They also ensure that the benefits of growth reach everyone and guarantee good governance,” said Mr Hunt.

Speaking on the employment quality findings included in the report, Hugo Ñopo, the ILO Regional Economist who coordinated the Labour Overview, explained that, “the dynamics of economic slowdown since mid-2018 have had an impact on the structure and quality of jobs.”

Ñopo stressed that since 2018 there is a lower growth in salaried employment compared to self-employment, especially non-professional employment. He also emphasized that these are signs of “a relative instability of the jobs that are being created in Latin America and the Caribbean.”

The report also states that there is a tendency to increase in the indicators of under-occupation due to insufficient working time. The percentage of employed people who work less than 35 hours and want to work more increased in 10 of the 11 countries with available data.

Referring to the economic slowdown experienced by the region in the last year, Ñopo warned that “the impacts on the labor market are not yet fully reflected”, due to the lag in the demand for employment.

The ILO specialist stated that the challenge for the countries of the region is clear: “integrate the more than 25 million unemployed and give decent employment to an even greater and diverse number of people who are hoping to benefit economically.”

 

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Costa Rica Rules Out That Six Engineers Who Were in China Have Coronavirus

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The Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS) – Costa Rican Social Security – said Monday afternoon that six engineers who were in a training course in China and returned to the country with respiratory symptoms were not carrying the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV.

“This weekend we were alerted through 911, they were tested and found that they did not have that virus,” said Xiomara Badilla, head of Epidemiology at CCSS.

Although Costa Rica does not have the diagnostic capacity for the timely test to detect the new virus and must be sent outside the country, there are diagnostic tests for other respiratory viruses and these are also performed in cases of respiratory infections.

The six did test positive cases in these other tests.

In this way, the 2019-nCoV was completely ruled out and it was determined that the cause of their respiratory disease was different.

“We have no suspicious cases,” said Mario Ruiz Cubillo, medical manager of the CCSS.

The six are receiving medical attention based on their symptoms and health status. Not everyone had symptoms and none were in Wuhan, China (where the virus emerged), so they didn’t even qualify as strictly suspicious cases.

For a person to be determined as a suspicious case, they must meet several requirements.

According to the National Guidelines for Surveillance of Infection with Coronavirus 2019-nCoV, the first requirement is to have a severe acute respiratory infection (ARI). This is characterized by a fever greater than or equal to 38 ° C (100 F), sore throat or cough, dyspnea (respiratory distress), which has appeared in the last ten days and is in need of hospitalization.

That said, not all ARIs raise suspicion of 2019-nCoV. For this, the person had to have a history of travel or residence in Wuhan and have been there at least 14 days or less before the symptoms began.

There are other people who could also qualify as suspects, those who have fever, cough and respiratory distress, even if it is not serious, but who have been in close physical contact with a person with 2019-nCoV, or who would have been in a center of health in a country where cases have been reported.

“Each patient is treated individually. Each person will develop their own symptoms and, based on how it develops, attention will be given,”  said Marco Boza, an Intensive Care specialist at Hospital Calderón Guardia and who is part of the committee that works on care protocols.

Eight CCSS professionals in Epidemiology, Emergencies, Intensive Care, Logistics, Finance and Communication work daily in the protocols of attention to possible people suspected of carrying the virus.

The CCSS Operations Coordination Center (CCO) has already been activated.

“Being active does not mean that we are in an emergency, what it means is that we are pending information from other countries and we monitor the situation to act in a timely manner if cases occur,” said Daniel Quesada, director of the Center of CCSS Emergency and Disaster Care.

“We are ready to work. Already our three levels of care, from the Ebáis to the most specialized hospitals have previous experiences of how to coordinate in this type of cases, ”said the medical dire.

For Boza, the CCSS is prepared to face an eventual or eventual cases of 2019-nCoV.

 

 

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Health Ministry Readies For Possible Arrival of Coronavirus

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Although several people have consulted for suspected coronavirus, the Ministerio de Salud (Ministry of Health) has ruled out all cases.

The most recent were six engineers who traveled to China and when they returned to Costa Rica, they had respiratory symptoms.

Facing a possible arrival of the virus in Costa Rica, the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS) – Costa Rican Social Security Fund is readying with the purchase of masks and gloves to deal with the possibility.

Officials say the plan is not very different from the one used in 2009 when the AH1N1 flu arrived in the country.

In 2014 the CCSS bought suits and other personal protective equipment to treat patients with Ebola, a virus that never made it to Costa Rica. The same forecasts are being taken with the Wuhan coronavirus.

The institution reviews its inventories in a preventive way and it is not the first time that it is prepared before an international alert.

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A Tica in Wuhan, China

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María Belisa Torres Pérez is a native of Liberia, but for four years she lives in China, where she is studying Economy

The city is empty. The recommendation, with a tone of order, is that people do not leave except what is strictly necessary.

The Tica (Costa Rican) María Belisa Torres Pérez at the Great Wall of China

The subway is paralyzed, buses do not operate and taxis remain parked.

That is the panorama in Wuhan, the Chinese city quarantined by the coronavirus.

Three Ticas (Costa Ricans) are there, in the city where airports and train stations are closed, where few enter (anyway, who wants to go to the cradle of this evil that can cause death) and less leave.

One of them is the 31-year-old Nicoyane María Belisa Torres Pérez, who spends hours in her apartment.

She is pursuing a Master’s degree in Economics with an emphasis in International Trade at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), a career that ends in July 2021.

María Belisa Torres Pérez is a native of Liberia, but for four years she lives in China, where she is studying Economics

She has lived in Wuhan for three years, although she arrived in China four years ago.

On Thursday and Friday of last week, and Monday of this week, she had to leave the security of her stay for a while. There was no other option.

On a bicycle, along with some friends, María Belisa undertook the task of looking for food, water and, above all, masks.

She had to pedal for half an hour. Although many supermarket shelves are empty, she was able to get some products and has provisions for about 15 days. The problem is the masks, because the recommended ones are sold out and some pharmacies are still closed.

She says that people were frightened to learn that Wuhan entered quarantine for an indefinite period, so she went out trying to fill the pantry.

María Belisa Torres says she found the supermarket shelves empty. Photo María Belisa Torres

Sometimes she is lucky,  manages to buy some products, but sometimes not.

“I try to keep calm, which is the most prudent, I follow the instructions given in the university, the government and the authorities of the province. I try to stock up on food and water because it can get a little complicated to have access to some things in the next few days; some are in short supply, and there are people who, seeing that they closed the city, began hoarding,” said María Belisa.

This Costa Rican tries to leave the apartments she moved to a month ago as little as possible, to avoid getting the coronavirus.

She affirms that the Costa Rican Embassy in China has been in contact with the Costa Ricans there, to know how they are and what they need, although entering or leaving Wuhan has become impossible.

“I talk with my family every day; they are calm because the contact has not been lost ”.

María Belisa has not had much luck to get the recommended masks, because there aren’t any. At the end of last week, she visited several pharmacies on her bicycle, but he did not succeed. This Monday she tried again, but they were closed.

The supermarket shelves in Wuhan empty out very quickly. Photo: María Belisa Torres

“There are the surgical masks that doctors wear, but the ones they recommend are of another type and they are out. We have been to pharmacies, but we did not find any. I use some recommended by a friend, but you have to change filters and it has been complicated,” she said.

She says that to enter any place they take your temperature and it is required to wear a mask.

Since she doesn’t have many, she goes out as little as possible.

“There are almost no people in the streets. As there is no public transport, people have no way to get around, except if it is in their own car. This Monday I went to buy things at a supermarket, we shopped around three supermarkets because in the first one the vegetables ran out; people go very early and buy large quantities,” she said.

Another Costa Rican in Wuhan is Paola Reyes Pérez. She is also a student and although she and María Belisa know each other, they do not live nearby.

Paola has had more difficulty finding supplies because the supermarkets near her home are empty.

For now, she manages to render the food as much as possible.

Translated from the La Nacion article “Tica en China sale en bicicleta a buscar agua, comida y mascarillas en ciudad en cuarentena”. Read the original (in Spanish) here.

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Is He In or Out? Enigmatic government reaction to possible resignation of Foreign Minister

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In a puzzling and even mysterious way, the government avoided confirming or denying the news of the possible resignation of Foreign Minister Manuel Ventura.

Manuel Ventura (far right) at the time of being named Chancellor by President Carlos Alvarado, on January 8, 2019. The image shows the former Minister of the Presidency, Rodolfo Piza; and the first lady, Claudia Doubles. Photo archive/La Nacion

“What we have to say officially is that there is no announcement and that the Casa Presidencial (Government House) does not confirm the information. When we have an announcement to make, we will let you know,” Communication Minister Nancy Marín told the press.

Monday morning, Noticias Monumental published that Ventura will resign on Friday for health reasons, that the post has worn him out.

Neither the Ministry of Communication nor the Ministry of Foreign Affairs denied the publication.

Casa Amarilla (the Foreign Ministry in San Jose) said that the ministry “will not comment on the unofficial information.”

Monumental cites “two sources”, one from the Casa Presidencial and another from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which affirm, “under the condition of anonymity”, which Ventura leaves office on January 31 “for reasons of health and internal wear ” of the ministry.

The news of Ventura’s (alleged) departure comes six days after the legislative committee on international affairs agreed to call Ventura to answer questions to the report on the organizational climate of the Costa Rican embassy in Geneva, Switzerland, which was under the direction of ambassador Elayne White.

The minister “deplored and expressed concern” that this document “has been leaked and disseminated,” according to a note posted on the official profile of that ministry on Facebook

The news is also on the heels of last week’s visit of Ventura’s counterpart, U.S. Secretary of State, Mike Pompeo, to Costa Rica and that on Friday, January 24, the Costa Rica Ambassador to Washington was told it would be very difficult to return Costa Rica’s security risk to level 1, after being downgraded to level 2 earlier this month.

Ventura, if he will resign, would be the second chancellor to leave the post. During the first year of the Alvarado Quesada administration, Vice President Epsy Campbell held that position but resigned after a number of controversies.

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U.S. Explains to Costa Rica why it raised the alert level for travelers

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In the photo, the American diplomat with Foreign Minister Manuel Ventura. Photo: Jorge Castillo.

The Office of Consular Affairs of the U.S. State Department reaffirmed to Costa Rica’s Ambassador Fernando Llorca, in Washington D.C., on Friday, January 24, that the reasons for raising the alert level for people traveling to Costa Rica is due to a change in the criteria with which all nations are evaluated.

In the photo, Foreign Minister Manuel Ventura (standing) with his counterpart, U.S. Secretary of State, Mike Pompeo, during his visit to Costa Rica last week

In a press release, the Costa Rican Foreign Ministry said that the Ambassador was shown that the level previously occupied by Costa Rica, to which the country wishes to return, “is now very difficult to achieve”.

It added that the adjustment in the methodology will imply that the level of warning will be reallocated on most countries.

“They also stressed that they do not expect that there will be an impact on the tourist attraction of the country for the US market and that these warnings are not ‘categories or notes’ for a given country, but simply, a recommendation given to travelers seeking prevention and that they are attentive to their surroundings during their stay abroad,” says the statement from Casa Amarilla (Ministry of Foreign Affairs in San Jose).

On January 6, the U.S. government informed the Instituto Costarricense de Turismo (ICT) – Tourism Board, that it increased the security alert to travel to Costa Rica from level 1, in which tourists are urged to take normal precautions, to level 2, in which urges travelers to increase care.

Last week, during his visit to Costa Rica, the U.S. Secretary of State, Mike Pompeo, promised to check if the country’s reclassification was correct. The meeting between Llorca and the officers of the Office of Consular Affairs was held in response to the agreement between Pompeo and Costa Rica President Carlos Alvarado.

During the meeting with Carl C. Risch, Undersecretary of Consular Affairs and Karin M. King, Deputy Undersecretary of Citizen Services Abroad, told Llorca of the difficulty of getting Costa Rica back to the previous risk level.

The Costa Rican ambassador presented the recent achievements in public security, that Costa Rica had in 2019 a decrease in the murder rate and in the number of tourist robberies.

“It was also noted that Costa Rica is the most successful country in the region for the joint confiscation of drugs, having reached more than 81 metric tons of cocaine and marijuana in the present administration,” the Foreign Ministry said.

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Why do many millennials yearn to leave Costa Rica?

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Costa Rican Tania Cordero returned to the country a month ago, after being in London as a nanny.

Tania Cordero is 25, from Cartago and a month ago she returned from London, England, where she stayed for a year, two periods of six months each.

Costa Rican Tania Cordero returned to the country a month ago, after being in London as a nanny.

She is passionate about the possibility of living outside Costa Rica, although she loves the country where she and her family were born.

It is not difficult for Tania to explain the reasons that feed that desire, especially now that she had the experience of being somewhere else.

“It is a lifestyle. I love Costa Rica, it’s beautiful, I boasted of my country every day in England, but one of the things I miss is public transport, here I have to spend an hour and a half and there, to travel that same distance, it was 30 minutes.

Tania Cordero tiene entre sus planes volverse a ir de Costa Rica, principalmente a Londres.

“I feel that there you have to work a lot, but you get a lot, the quality of life, because although there are so many taxes, they are reflected in quality of life. That makes me want to return,” Tania told Jairo Villegas of La Nacion.

In order to live outside for a time, Tania enrolled in a babysitter program. She went to live with a London family and took care of three children, aged 3, 10 and 11, although not full time. Her job was to be like an older sister.

“We had breakfast together, I helped them get ready for school and sometimes I took them. The baby sometimes went to daycare. In the evening we all had dinner and went out to a park. The families do it because the nannies are very expensive, instead, they give us an allowance to go out on the weekend. For me it was good because I could learn English,” she described.

Tania confesses that before going abroad, she felt stagnant in Costa Rica, to the point of ending the two university careers she was enrolled in Philosophy and Statistics, at the University of Costa Rica (UCR).

Tania’s longing is to go back, not as a babysitter, but to live abroad.

“If you don’t experience it, you don’t know the good experience it is; Open your mind, the people you meet, people from all over the world. It was my first time in Europe,” she says.

Estefanía Valverde is also 25 and lives in Moravia. She and Tania don’t know each other, but they have something in common; This young woman who studies Psychology at the National University and Social Work at the UCR also has among her plans to leave Costa Rica, to study or work abroad.

Estefanía Valverde on a trip she made to Chicago. She hopes to get a scholarship to go to another country after finishing her university degree in Costa Rica.

“I am very interested in having the experience of living in another country and knowing other cultures. I’m waiting to finish my studies to start finding out about scholarships and other options,” says Estefanía, who considers that the experience of traveling helps in the growth of each person. Among her preferred countries to live abroad are Mexico, Chile, and Colombia.

“Conversing with other millennials for this report, I can summarize that several want to leave because they want to get to know other countries and mix with their cultures, in Costa Rica they feel insecure, especially during the nights, the Tico public transport system overwhelms them, because of the long hours for any small tour … anyway, they long for that freedom to leave without worrying about an assault, learn from others and share with people of other nationalities. At all times they express their love for our country,” writes Villegas.

Estefanía Valverde in Tepoztlán, Mexico. That is one of the countries that would like to go to live, as well as Chile and Colombia.

Cristina Cubero, Director of Consulting at Deloitte and a specialist on the subject, leading studies by her firm told Villegas in an interview, “Millennials do not leave a country, they travel, seeking to broaden their vision of reality and with it maximize the sense of diversity.”

What are millennials? How old are they now?

Millennials, also known as Generation Y (or simply Gen Y), are the demographic cohort following Generation X and preceding Generation Z. Researchers and popular media use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years, with 1981 to 1996 a widely accepted definition.

Therefore, the millennial generation is in 2020, between 26 and 37 years of age.

They are identified under a series of common features in their profiles, beliefs, and values, a product of the socio-economic and political context in which they are born and have socialized.

Cristina Cubero is the director of Consulting at Deloitte, a specialist in the millennial issue.

Why among their aspirations is going to another country?

Fully digitally interconnected, but also reaching physical mobility, for millenials the world becomes its city and limited to a country is not viable, it is reductionist.

Traveling is also a maximum expression of cultural openness and diversity. Living or knowing only one country seems to them to be a limited, reduced vision of reality and creates a disadvantage for them.

Many Generation X have a hard time tearing down those geographical walls that impact from relationships to business dynamics. The thought of the new generations, on the other hand, functions as a network, open and connected, “in line” with the entire world.

The Internet has also made it easier for millennials to make plans to travel. New apps and websites are frequently being released to make planning trips large and small, easier every day. Millennials can compare pricing of lodging online, set an alert to find the best flights, and then quickly and easily make the decision to purchase.

For millennials, leaving everything behind and going off to live abroad has a certain allure to it. Besides all the obvious reasons like a better job market, quality of life, and for some, better politics, moving abroad can be an incredibly exciting experience for those who decide to take the plunge.

Deloitte’s specific study of millennials for 2019 found that it is an “interrupted” generation, but in relation to the traditional goals of studying, getting married, having a home and children, because those are not their priorities. Those pillars under which a “life” is built have been torn down and it is not the current logic.

63% of young people in Latin America placed “traveling and knowing the world” as their first priority. Having a child, for example, does not reach the list of the five priorities.

The young people of Latin America value more than anything in life going out, knowing and connecting with their world … and showing others that world, on Instagram.

It is important that “traveling” for a millennial has its own meaning. For them, the concept goes far beyond “vacationing” or “being able to leave the country”, it is a way of learning and growing.

Travel “experiences” have a higher value than the purchase of “goods”, so it is much more important to travel than buying a house. The trip generates learning for them, the house could represent, according to their perceptions, “high long-term debt and a barrier to mobility”.

Therefore, young people, for the most part, work to travel and get to know the world. Many of them condition to start or continue a job in response to the flexibility that they are given to achieve it.

Money is effectively an obstacle that in many cases they try to solve with economic travel options, alternatives offered by digital platforms and, in general, they are redesigning the way to buy and live a trip.

If for the X generation it meant vacationing under certain comforts, for the Y it means connecting with the native way of life, seeing the real dynamics of each country their customs, and not the facade built for the tourist.

If you can select between two routes, one for the tourist and one for the local, the millennial will select the local route. They really want to know the culture, what they eat, what they work on, how they live …

 

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Today (Monday) begins trial for the murder of Carla Stefaniak

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Karla Estafaniak. Photo from the Facebook page Finding Carla

At 8 am this morning, Monday, January 27, will begin the trial for the murder of the Venezuelan-American tourist in Costa Rica, Carla Estefaniak.

The trial will be in the Criminal Court of Pavas. Up to 15 people are expected to give testimony in the murder of the 36-year-old tourist found dead on December 3, 2018, near the hotel where she was staying in San Antonio de Escazú.

Days before she had been reported missing.

The only person accused of this crime is a Nicaraguan surname Espinoza Martínez, a security guard of the hotel, who was arrested following the discovery of the body a short distance from the hotel.

Carlos Caicedo, the victim’s father, is expected to be in the courtroom, telling the local television media that he still firmly believes Espinoza could not the only person involved in the murder of his daughter.

He says he trusts in the justice of our country.

Stefaniak resided in Hallandale, a suburb near Miami, where he worked as an insurance agent and real estate broker.

Carla visiting the ‘crocodile bridge’ in Costa Rica. Photo from social networks

She came to Costa Rica on November 22, 2018, and planned to return to the U.S. on Wednesday 28 of that same month.

During her stay in the country, prior to the murder, she was in Manuel Antonio (Quepos), La Fortuna de San Carlos, among other places.

Apparently, she was the victim of an attempted sexual assault that became a real bloodbath.

The case against Espinoza

Espinoza Martinez is accused by the Prosecutor’s Office of simple homicide. He was one of the security officers of the hotel located in San Antonio de Escazú, where the body of the tourist was buried.

Espinoza was investigated by authorities, as he told authorities that the tourist had left the hotel in a taxi at 5 am, but it was all a lie. Days later, she was found lifeless, near the hotel property.

According to the prosecution, a witness claims to have heard a phone call, where the suspect’s wife allegedly told her mother-in-law that her son had committed the murder.

The Prosecutor’s Office notes 5 key points in the case:

  • Without specifying the exact time, but between 7:55 pm on November 27, 2018, and 6 am on November 28, the victim stayed at the hotel located in San Antonio de Escazú, in villa number 8.
  • The defendant lived and worked in the hotel, dedicated to the cleaning and surveillance of the villas. He also controlled the entry and exit of guests, watched over the place, was responsible for the reception and delivery of the rooms.
  • It is believed that the accused took advantage of his position to attack the victim.
  • Without being able to determine how, because there were no signs of forcing on the doors and window in the villa occupied by the victim, the accused entered and attacked her with a bladed weapon, causing 7 sharp wounds on the body, neck, and face.
  • After the murder, the suspect would move the body 100 meters from the villa to hide it, wrapped in black rubber.

Doubts persist

The question persists: Were there more participants in Carla Stefaniak’s brutal murder? That is the question that many ask themselves. Undoubtedly, due to the conditions in which the murder would have occurred and the way in which it was discovered, it is valid to raise the question of whether 2 or more people participated in the atrocious murder.

The legal representation of the Stefaniak family, led by lawyer David Hernández along with Joseph Rivera, assures that there is sufficient evidence to link the Espinoza with the murder. But, maintains that there were gaps during the investigation process that prevented strengthening the other great hypothesis: that Espinoza did not act alone.

“In this case, the complaint that was made to see the Ministerio Público and the Organismo de Investigación Judicial (OIJ) is that the case began with a very tenuous, very accommodating investigation when more rigorousness was needed. The investigation must have been aggressive. Not having given so much time. They lasted for more than a week talking with the owners of the hotel, with the people, the officers coming and going (…) That time spent in this case was essential. That is the complaint,” said Hernández in a statement.

“The evidence leads to Espinoza. But, there are several elements that can make us intuit or think that at some point here other people may have participated with him. Either to move the body or to clean the room (…) that is, other people. We are not saying that the proof does not bind Espinoza, of course, it does. But, we think there was another participation, ”said the lawyer, who questioned that this line of investigation was not properly addressed,” added the lawyer.

 

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Uber’s Success: The Real Story

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Since it went public last May, much of the investor debate surrounding Uber has understandably revolved around how quickly the company can pare its still-massive losses.

Less attention has been given, however, to Uber’s ride-hailing share losses in the U.S. and Latin America, where Lyft (LYFT) and Chinese ride-hailing leader DiDi have, respectively, been gaining ground.

According to Second Measure, a research firm that relies on anonymized credit card data, Uber had 69.7% of the U.S. ride-hailing market in November 2019, and Lyft claimed 29.2%. For comparison, Uber’s market share was pegged at 83% back in September 2016, before a spate of bad publicity began eating into its share in 2017.

In Latin America, Didi has made strong inroads in the region’s two most populous countries — Brazil and Mexico — with the help of an aggressive playbook that has much in common with the one that it used to drive Uber to sell its Chinese ride-sharing business to the company. And more recently, DiDi has expanded into countries such as Colombia, Chile, and Costa Rica.

In Brazil, DiDi has invested heavily since buying local ride-hailing firm 99 in 2018. And in Mexico, where DiDi has built its ride-sharing operations from scratch, the company was reported in November to have about a 30% share (on average) in cities where it has operated since entering Mexico in 2018.

DiDi’s share gains and aggressive pricing were big reasons why Uber’s Latin American revenue rose just 2% annually in Q3 to $527 million. Admittedly, though, this was better than the double-digit revenue declines recorded for Q1 and Q2.

In North America, Uber’s revenue rose 39% annually in Q3 to US$2.41 billion. However, much of this growth was produced by the Uber Eats restaurant-delivery business, which is estimated by Second Measure to have claimed 19% of the U.S. restaurant-delivery market in 2019.

Uber Eats, which (like some of its peers) has been seeing major losses amid a very tough pricing and promotional environment, grew its revenue 109% in Q3 to US$392 million. While some of this growth came from foreign markets such as India, where Uber just agreed to sell its food-delivery business to local rival Zomato, the lion’s share is believed to have come from the U.S..

Meanwhile, Lyft, which operates only in the U.S. and Canada, reported its revenue rose 63% annually in Q3 to US$955.6 million. A 28% increase in active riders helped, as did a 27% increase in revenue per active rider, the result of both growth in activity per rider and a more favorable pricing environment.

Aside from impacting Uber’s revenue and bookings growth, DiDi’s and Lyft’s share gains serve to put them on better long-term competitive footing, by improving their network effects in the metro areas that they operate in. A larger market share gives drivers a greater incentive to work for a particular ride-sharing service. And more drivers, in turn, improves a service’s coverage within a metro area, which gives riders a greater incentive to use it.

Ride-hailing penetration rates in the U.S. and (especially) Latin America are still low enough for Uber to see decent ride-hailing growth in these markets even with moderate share losses. And in the case of the U.S., the fact that the ride-hailing market has been seeing improved pricing lately — and likely has some untapped pricing power — works in Uber’s favor as well.

And though Uber does face some tough European and Asian rivals as well (for example, Ola in India and DiDi in Japan), the company is still seeing strong ride-hailing growth in those regions. Uber’s EMEA and Asia-Pac adjusted net revenue rose 24% and 31%, respectively, in Q3.

Nonetheless, at a time when so much attention is focused on Uber’s losses and cash burn, investors shouldn’t lose sight of how U.S. and Latin American share losses have been impacting top-line growth for a ride-hailing business whose margin profile remains much better than that of Uber’s food-delivery business.

Article originally appeared at TheStreet.com. Read the original here.

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New Panama terminal is ready. Almost.

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After seven years of construction, six addenda and a delay of four years, the 116, 000 thousand square meters new passenger terminal at Tocumen International Airport (PTY) is 99% complete.

During a tour of the project on Wednesday, January 22, Enrique Villegas, vice president of projects at Tocumen SA, commented that Odebrecht has completed 47% of the pending work, reports Newsroom Panama.

After February 29, Tocumen begins a verification period of all systems, finishes and other operational areas of the new terminal. “ If we are not satisfied, then the airport can ask the contractor to fix it, Villegas said.

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Crime has an economic cost of 16% of GDP in Central American Northern Triangle

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The economic costs of crime in the Central American Northern Triangle of Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador are the highest in the world, according to a study by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

The report entitled Crime and Output: Theory and application to the Nothern Triangle of Central America (Crime and product: theory and application in the Northern Triangle of Central America) indicates that criminal activity is costing Honduras and El Salvado up to 16% of its gross domestic product (GDP) and in Guatemala 7%.

The IMF notes that crime has direct and indirect costs; Direct products include the product (goods) and resources (time and wages of the victims) lost due to criminal activity and resources spent on security. Indirect costs include reducing opportunities, increasing emigration, erosion of institutions and corruption.

In Honduras, it is observed that indirect costs amount to 3% of GDP and direct costs to about 13.3%.

The Latinobarometer survey published by La Prensa in Honduras shows that crime and corruption outweigh employment and other economic challenges such as the most pressing in the Northern Triangle.

In the case of Honduras, the concern about crime and unemployment is similar in the population.

The IMF points out that in order to systematically reduce crime over time, it requires a combination of stable and inclusive growth, greater profitability of legal activities, as well as the reduction of barriers to market entry and business regulations. favorable to growth to generate employment opportunities.

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Costa Rica Goods Exports Decline

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In 2019, exports of goods are estimated to total nearly US$11.5 billion, barely 2% higher than reported in the previous year, and far from the 6% increase recorded in 2018, according to estimates by the Ministerio de Comercio Exterior (Comex) – Ministry of Foreign Trade.

Sales of services were more dynamic and rose 5%, according to an estimate by the Comex, and already represent almost half (45%) of the total amount that the country exports abroad, which reached US$21 billion last year.

These results are part of the 2019 export report, presented this January 22 by Comex and the Promotora del Comercio Exterior (Procomer) – Foreign Trade Promoter.

By sector, the results contrast, as the sale of precision and medical equipment increased 12%, according to the boom in recent years and that of fishing, although smaller, rose 13%.

However, agricultural sales, food, electrical or electronic implements, metalworking, and rubber fell.

The sale of medical devices represented 31% of the total, followed by banana with 9% and pineapple with 8%.

Dyalá Jiménez, Minister of Foreign Trade, told Nacion.com that “… by 2020 there are national and international challenges. In the international framework there is a challenge that we are going to understand very well because we are preparing a lot, it is the Brexito, the departure of the United Kingdom from Europe, and another challenge is the global economic slowdown.”

Jiménez added that “… internally, there are the usual structural challenges, the costs in Costa Rica, such as the issue of employer’s quotas, which is being addressed, and the paperwork, where the one-stop-shop of the Foreign Trade Promotion Agency (Procomer) is working.”

Source: La Nacion

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Support surges for University of Alberta student athlete paralyzed after Costa Rica fall

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A recent civil engineering graduate and member of the University of Alberta Pandas soccer program has been paralyzed from the waist down following a cycling accident in Costa Rica.

Friends say Nicole Palladino, 24, was riding a bicycle on Jan. 14, lost control and fell off a cliff.

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OAS Report: Situation of Venezuelan migrants and refugees in Costa Rica

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The General Secretariat of the Organization of American States (OAS) today published a Report on the “Situation of Venezuelan Migrants and Refugees in Costa Rica,” which addresses the situation in which some 40,000 Venezuelans who have emigrated or fled to Costa Rica.

Costa Rica is in an exceptional situation in the region, being a nation that receives displaced people from Nicaragua and Venezuela daily. To date, there are 500,000 Nicaraguan migrants and refugees and 40,000 Venezuelan migrants and refugees in Costa Rica.

The report prepared by the Office of the OAS General Secretariat to address the crisis of Venezuelan migrants and refugees recognizes the effort of the Costa Rican authorities to maintain a policy of open borders and non-refoulement with Venezuelan migrants and refugees.

“The efforts made by the Costa Rican authorities to accept the expired Venezuelan passport and be one of the few Central American countries not to place immigration restrictions, such as visa applications, for displaced Venezuelans,” the report said.

The document indicates that the Venezuelans who emigrated between 2015 and 2020 to Costa Rica are in a much more vulnerable condition than those who arrived between 2010 and 2014, due to the deepening crisis in Venezuela. The profile of the Venezuelan migrant in Costa Rica has changed and, increasingly, those who arrive require humanitarian assistance and greater support for their integration into labor markets.

“Those who arrived ten years ago, did so with economic means that allowed them to establish themselves and integrate into the labor markets easier. This first wave of migration has served as support for the displaced Venezuelans who have arrived since 2014, ”says the report. However, in recent years Venezuelans “arrive in more vulnerable conditions, with lack of food, health, employment and shelter. Many of them only have the financial means to buy the plane ticket and arrive in Costa Rica requesting that they be granted refugee status, ”he adds.

For the preparation of this report, the Office of the OAS General Secretariat to address the crisis of Venezuelan migrants and refugees visited Costa Rica. There meetings were held with the Venezuelan migrant and refugee community, Costa Rican authorities and civil society organizations. In these meetings, the OAS promoted the adoption of care policies that facilitate the integration of Venezuelans in Costa Rica. Additionally, testimonials were collected at the working groups with Venezuelan migrants and refugees.

Download the PDF (7.81 Mb) here

The testimonies compiled at the working groups reaffirm that “Venezuelans flee from generalized violence, alteration of public order, violation of human rights and foreign occupation”. In this regard, the report claims that it is essential to create the basis of a regional consensus that grants refugee status to the Venezuelan according to the Cartagena Declaration, as expressed by the OAS Working Group to address the crisis of migrants and Venezuelan refugees in the region in its regional report of June 2019.

In its conclusions, the report published recommends streamlining the proposal of the Costa Rican government to generate the Supplementary Protection instrument, “which would regularize many Venezuelans and facilitate their integration into Costa Rican society and labor markets.” In addition, the document urges the international donor community to support the implementation of this proposal, both technically and financially.

The Office of the OAS General Secretariat to address the Venezuelan migrant and refugee crisis, coordinated by David Smolansky, has the mission of working with OAS member countries to address the situation of more than 5 million Venezuelans who have fled to other countries, and they represent more than 14% of the population of Venezuela.

Globally, only Syria surpasses Venezuela in the flow of emigrants and refugees.

This is the second report that the OAS publishes on the situation of Venezuelan migrants and refugees in the countries of destination. In December 2019, the OAS published the report “Situation of Venezuelan migrants and refugees in Brazil” and will soon publish another report on their situation in Colombia.

For the preparation of these reports, the Office visited all three countries. Likewise, 8 work tables were held in 7 cities between November and December 2019, including in Sao Paulo and Boa Vista (Brazil), San José (Costa Rica), and Barranquilla, Cúcuta, Bogotá and Medellín (Colombia), in the which received more than 300 testimonies from people who have fled Venezuela to these countries.

The above is translated from the OAS press release (in Spanish) Secretaría General de la OEA lanza informe sobre situación de migrantes y refugiados venezolanos en Costa Rica.

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New Telephone Scam: False Income Tax Refunds

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most of the telephone scams are still carried out from prisons, where inmates contact people by phone using an application that allows them to simulate telephone numbers assigned to the Treasury.

A new scam has been uncovered, targeting the public into divulging personal information to scammers – estafadores in Spanish – making random calls informing whoever answers the phone they have a tax refund coming.

Most of the telephone scams are still carried out from prisons, where inmates contact people by phone using an application that allows them to hide their true number and simulate for that of an official institution, such as a bank or the Treasury

La Nacion, in its report, an extract of a conversation recorded by a potential victim lasting a total of two minutes and 22 seconds before the scammer moved on.

Scammer (S): – Do you have a computer or some type of device that has Internet to send you a notification and that you can view it?

Intended Victim (V): – Yes sir (…) But what would it be for? What is the procedure that you have to notify me?

S: – It is a tax exemption that is being generated to your person; It is a benefit that the Ministry of Finance is providing. As I was saying, you get a tax break on your salary with respect to income tax.

V: – Aha, but why would they modify it if it is by law?

S: – Yes, but in this case what the Ministry of Finance and the Legislative Assembly, made an appeal which was supported. So, the beneficiaries are salaried people. This is due to what is the new tax plan that comes into force with many taxes (…). Do you already know what the income tax is or what is the value added tax, what would the VAT?

V: –But VAT and income tax are very different things (…)

S: –As you have been contributing to the Ministry of Finance (tax department), this benefit is provided to you (…), it is our responsibility to provide a support and exonerate you to the taxes imposed.

V: Yes, but I do not pay income tax because my salary does not exceed the limit.

S: – No, you only pay it in what is the basic (food) basket. Miss, in what is the salary, what is being rebated is the income tax, not the value added tax.

V: – But no, it seems very strange to me.

As we can clearly see, the intent of the unknown caller was to obtain personal information, in this case, starting with an email to send “a notification”.

Since the intended victim didn’t bite, the scammer cut the call and presumably moved on to the next potential victim.

“This is clearly a new way to scam people of their hard-earned money, using the pretext of a refund or reduction in income tax, to defraud taxpayers, through remote access to computers or mobile phones,” said the Treasury.

TheOrganismo de Investigación Judicial (OIJ) reiterated that most of the telephone scams are still carried out from prisons, where inmates contact people by phone using an application that allows them to simulate telephone numbers assigned to the Treasury.

Then, they ask the victim to install software on their personal computer or cellular phone with which they manage to remotely access the device.

In addition, victims are to fill out forms to allow scammers to continue stealing sensitive financial information.

Authorities say that conversations can be lengthy, even hours, as scammers continue to prod until they obtain account numbers, ‘claves dinamicas’ or tokens used by some financial institutions as a security measure to access bank accounts and transfer money unbeknownst to the victim.

The scammer’s advantage is the trust and ignorance of their victims.

Due to the increase in telephone scams during 2019, telephone companies began disabling the telephone lines used from penal centers, resulting in a reduction of the number of complaints that have been received. For example, according to the OIJ, in May 2019 they received 228 complaints for telephone scams; in June, 183; in July, 234; and, in August, 186.

But, scammers find ways of getting around it.

So as not to fall victim to this type of fraud, be aware of the following:

  • No institution – bank or tax department, for example –  will call you to request personal data, or sensitive data.
  • In case you are called and have doubt, cut the call. Immediately contact your bank.
  • If you are asked to download a program on your computer or app on your cell phone, do not do so. Better yet, turn off your computer or cell phone immediately and run a virus scan.
  • If you are a victim of fraud, file the respective complaint with the OIJ.
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Naivety could complicate collecting damage from the guilty in car crashes

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The information that traffic officers transfer to the courts can be essential to establish responsibilities in case of crashes. Photo: LUIS NAVARRO

You get into a mishap while driving. It happens to even the best of drivers. It’s not your fault, it was the other driver. You have an open and shut case. Ah. but you are in Costa Rica.

The report by the traffic official (Transito) to the traffic courts can be essential to establish responsibilities in case of crashes. Naivety can result in being found responsible for the crash or no one at fault.

“I have the case won.” That is the attitude with which many drivers on the legal proceedings for road crashes.

However, this excess of confidence, ignorance of the traffic matter or even naivety of the drivers, can be very disadvantageous in court and expensive.

In Costa Rica, drivers must present evidence before Traffic Courts to prove the other driver’s guilt; Traffic officer sketches (a croquis in Spanish), photos and witnesses are essential even in cases that seem simple.

If the guilt cannot be proven, through the presentation of evidence or witnesses confirming their testimony and demonstrating the responsibility of the other driver, vehicle owners are exposed to running out of the possibility of collecting damages from the person responsible for the crash

Such an omission can cause innocent drivers to bear the total costs of repairing their vehicle. In the case of having an insurance policy, they will have to pay the deductible and risk an increase in their premiums.

For this reason, in traffic court processes, all involved must be considered guilty, and therefore present evidence of their innocence and the responsibility of the other.

This is the recommendation of Cristian Sánchez, coordinating judge of the San José Transit Court.

Sánchez told La Nacion, “Offering evidence is extremely important in this area. Install a camera, which are now more (economically) accessible. Write down the name and number of witnesses, if any. That will ultimately give us a very important probative support because if we start from the fact that we all have adequate morals, people would be responsible, but that does not happen regularly”.

A very clear case that could take a bad turn (no pun intended) in the courts for lack of proof, is that of a driver who disrespects a red light and collides the car that had the right of way. At first, the latter could be confident that the process will be resolved in his or her favor.

“That person can say ‘diay no, I was not to blame, therefore they must condemn the other.’ But it turns out that the other driver is more prepared (espabilado in Spanish), in the negative sense, then offers proof or false testimony. That may entangle the matter, the person who was not initially at fault, runs into the surprise that both parties are acquitted due to doubt,” explained Sanchez.

In such cases, the judges must refer to the traffic ticket issued and the sketch of the official, witnesses, if any.

However, if the doubt persists, the judges will end up absolving the parties or blaming both. If so, each party will end up assuming the repair costs of their vehicles.

“They come here (to court) and say ‘no, it’s that I was stopped behind the vehicle when it backed up ’, or that ‘the vehicles were on the slope and the front car came back and collided mine’, so it’s only the versions of the parties,” said Sánchez.

In the end, if the driver in the right is not prepared, it can become a case of “he said, she said” with the judge having to conclude that either version is possible.

Another misconception of many drivers is that a traffic sentence condemning the other party to pay damages does not automatically trigger the collection from the responsible party.

When the sentence is final, those involved may agree to an out-of-court settlement, otherwise, the affected party will have to go to civil courts to settle the dispute. And if the payment still does not prosper, many cases end up in the collection courts.

In the event that both vehicles involved have insurance (other than the Marchamo), the insurers settle their affairs, including getting the deductible paid and the responsible driver(s) sees their premiums go up.

However, the process becomes much more complex when the driver responsible has no insurance.

 

 

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Court Lets Alleged Killer of French Tourist Free

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Opinion – Was it a rush to have a suspect in custody? Or the failure of the criminal court judge and the prosecutor to hold on to their only suspect in the murder of French tourist Christophe Jean Lietaert?

Unfortunately, this is more common than not, the police, who we trust to do their job, get their man (or woman), but only to see the courts let them go. Then they disappear.

In the case of Lietaert, 48, he got into an argument with a couple of guys in the beach hotel (unnamed) in Playas del Coco. The argument, OIJ investigators say was over a cellular phone.

The French tourist winds up dead, stabbed several times, the suspects fled. Police catch up with one, arrest him and get him before a judge, who turns his loose while the prosecutor looks on and with no objection.

The arrested man, identified by his last name Vasquez Caravaca, is today free, though the Fiscalia (prosecutor’s office) says it is still investigating the case. Good luck trying to find him again if and when they do get more evidence.

Unfortunately, that is the reality in Costa Rica.

Flor Víquez Alvarado, president of the Association of Integral Development of Playas del Coco (Adicoco), expressed her concern about the Lietaert homicide because she said it will bring economic consequences for the community.

No kidding.

“We need the police to help us. We have promoted drug prevention programs, but a few weeks come and then they (the police) leave. When Alejo (Leiva Aguilar) was killed, there was a lot of police, but then they left. Now we are asking the authorities of the Ministry of Public Security to meet again to discuss the security situation and the problem of drug use and sale,” added Alvarado.

Alejo Leiva’s was killed, in Playas del Coco, on March 26, 2016, when the young mand and several friends were vacationing in Guanacaste.

What we do need is reform in the judicial system.

 

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Costa Rica Call Centers Telemarketers Sentenced To Prison In U.S.

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Donald Dodt. From Linkdin Costa Rica

WASHINGTON (JUSTICE.GOV) – Three individuals were sentenced to prison for their roles in a US$11 million telemarketing scheme that defrauded primarily elderly victims in the United States from call centers in Costa Rica.

Donald Dodt. From Linkdin Costa Rica

Donald Dodt, 76, originally of Cleveland, Ohio, Thomas Sniffen, 58, originally of Peekskill, New York, and Michael Saxon, 50, originally of Ontario, Canada, were sentenced by U.S. District Judge Max O. Cogburn Jr. of the Western District of North Carolina to 90 months, 114 months and 75 months in prison, respectively.

Judge Cogburn also ordered restitution in the amount of US$7 million for Dodt, US$11,236,857.65 for Sniffen and US$2,593,574.02 for Saxon to be paid jointly and severally with their co-conspirators.

Following a five-day trial in May 2019, Dodt was found guilty of one count of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and mail fraud, two counts of mail fraud, eight counts of wire fraud, one count of conspiracy to commit international money laundering and 10 counts of international money laundering.

In April 2019, Sniffen pleaded guilty to all charges in the 31-count indictment charging conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud, substantive counts of mail fraud and wire fraud, international money laundering and conspiracy to commit international money laundering. In May 2019, Saxon pleaded guilty pursuant to a plea agreement to one count of conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud, one count of mail fraud and one count of conspiracy to commit international money laundering.

According to the evidence presented at both Dodt’s trial and the sentencing hearings, and the factual bases in support of Sniffen’s and Saxon’s guilty pleas, Dodt, Sniffen and Saxon conspired together to commit the fraud and worked in a call center in Costa Rica.

While falsely posing as federal judges, representatives of the District of Columbia Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs and other federal agencies, including the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, they contacted victims in the United States — primarily senior citizens — to tell them that that they had supposedly won a substantial “sweepstakes” prize.

After convincing victims that they stood to receive a significant financial reward, the members of the conspiracy told victims that they needed to make a series of up-front cash payments before collecting, purportedly for items like insurance fees, taxes and import fees.

The co-conspirators used a variety of means to conceal their identities, such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services provided by Dodt that made it appear as if they were calling from Washington, D.C., and other places in the United States.

At sentencing, it was determined that Dodt, Sniffen, Saxon, and their co-conspirators collectively stole more than US$11 million in total from victims.

 

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