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High fine for violating vehicle restrictions has its days numbered

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(QCOSTARICA) A bill to make the vehicular restriction violation sanctions more flexible wins supporters in the Legislative Assembly and has enough political support to be approved.

The bill, that was presented this week by Legislator Pablo Heriberto Abarca, of the Partido Unidad Social Cristiana (PUSC), aims to reduce the financial fine for violating the vehicle restriction and nullify other sanctions.

The proposal returns the fine for the violation to the pre-pandemic ¢23,000 colones, from the current ¢110,000; eliminate the points on the driver’s license and seizure of license plates and/or vehicle.

The bill – known as the law for the balance of fines for vehicle restrictions in cases of national emergency – consists of an amendment to the Ley de Tránsito.

The proposal has the support of legislators of the PUSC, the National Liberation (PLN), National Restoration (PRN) and independents, who are pushing it to be included in the regular Legislative sessions in September, after the current recess.

Legislators supporting the bill argue that the current sanctions were temporary to face the national emergency, however, the scenario was different today: the pandemic had barely arrived and its consequences were not known.

Road controls are common during the vehicular restrictions. Avoid the sanctions, leave the car at home on the restricted day

 

The legislators maintain that the sanctions have not been effective, less in a scenario in which the economic crisis has worsened, where unemployment has reached 24% and many workers have seen their income drastically reduced.

The former mayor of Alajuela and now legislator for the PLN, Roberto Thompson, voiced the opinion of his caucus legislators and those of other parties, saying “that when the Legislature approved raising the fine it was considered a temporary measure to face the health emergency caused by COVID-19.

“However, months have already passed, and many of us have joined to support this project to return to the sanctions and fines that were established before the reform,” he said.

Legislator Xiomara Rodríguez, head of the PRN caucus, also confirmed her support for the bill.

She argued that at this time people need to work and the vehicle restriction is one of the measures that make it difficult.

“It seems illogical to me that the bus stops are saturated with people, the buses are saturated, but people cannot circulate in the vehicles,” she alleged.

“(…) in the midst of an exceptional situation in which people rather need to work and not join the high percentage of unemployment that our country suffers,” added the legislator.

Independent legislator Zoila Volio, who supports the bill, argues that when it was approved to raise the fine it was known that it was a drastic measure, but it was never thought that the pandemic would last so long.

“So we have to adjust the measure (…) I would support the proposal because now we have to rethink many things,” she said, adding that the implementation of the restriction has become complicated by the different alerts areas in the country’s cantons and the reduction of the public bus fleet.

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American tourists face bans and restrictions across the world amid shoddy pandemic response

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(AOL – Yahoo Finance) The reputation and prestige once associated with a passport from the United States have suffered as a result of the coronavirus pandemic.

For Americans right now, traveling is harder than ever before — they aren’t welcome in the majority of the world’s countries because of the U.S. response to the outbreak. As a result, the U.S. passport ranking has fallen 50% in the last year, down from the no. 3 spot to the no. 19 spot in the Passport Index.

“The American passport was always in the top five passports over the last five years,” Armand Arton, founder of Passport Index, told Yahoo Money. Pre-pandemic, an American passport holder could access 70% of the world’s countries without a visa.

Using information from foreign ministries and the United Nations, the Passport Index ranks the 199 United Nations-recognized countries according to a given country’s mobility or how freely its citizens can access visitation to other countries.

‘The rest of the world doesn’t want U.S. citizens coming to their countries’

The Passport Index currently ranks the U.S. passport at 19, flanked between Moldova and Malaysia.

For comparison, the U.S.’s passport strength sits between its North American neighbors — Canada, 3, and Mexico, 27. Sharing the coveted top spot are countries Belgium, France, Germany, Finland, Austria, Luxembourg, Spain, Switzerland, Ireland, and New Zealand.

Arton said the “only reason” for America’s sudden fall from grace was the coronavirus.

“It is not foreign policy,” he said. “It is not the visa restrictions. It is really the temporary limitation of travel of U.S. citizens, based on the fact that the rest of the world doesn’t want U.S. citizens coming to their countries.”

Leading in both cases and deaths, the U.S. is the global epicenter of the virus and accounts for approximately 26% of cases worldwide, despite making up just 4% of the world’s population.

Despite those sobering stats, Arton explained that people are “eager to travel” because even though commercial air is an option, “[people] really want to know where they could or when they can [go].”

The current domestic travel landscape is vastly different as state governors have hampered interstate travel with mandates of varying degrees, from 14-day self-quarantine to proof of negative COVID-19 test upon arrival as a means of containment.

The orders are meant to restrict the free flow of visitors from certain states with active outbreaks in order to avoid reinfecting the population of a state with a declining transmission rate.

Stephanie is a reporter for Yahoo Money and Cashay, a new personal finance website. Follow her on Twitter @SJAsymkos.

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Puntarenas invites tourists to appreciate the “phenomenon of bioluminescence”

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(QCOSTARICA) On August 22, the phenomenon of bioluminescence will be enjoyed in Puntarenas, a spectacle generated by live microorganisms that, when the water moves or is disturbed, emit light and at night creates a luminous effect in the sea.

Those who wish to be part of a tour to appreciate it, will be able to do so in a camp that will strictly comply with the strict sanitary protocols, on Isla Cedros.

The two-day tour has a transportation service option from San José and includes dolphin watching, as well as lunch, among other activities.

The cost is ¢65,000 per person.

“Due to its proximity and economy, we know that we are an ideal destination for the Costa Rican family and that here in the El Puerto (the Port), tourists can always enjoy a wide range of experiences and destinations that, today more than ever, are so necessary for our well-being in the middle of the crisis,” explained Juan Ramón Rivera, president of INCOP and the Puntarenas Tourism Promotion Board.

 

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Sinpe Móvil transfers grow by leaps and bounds in 2020

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(QCOSTARICA) Money transfers in Costa Rica through the SINPE Móvil by the Central Bank accelerated the growth rate in 2020. As of July, a new record figure of some 4.5 million transfers was reached.

The option of transferring money between accounts within each bank and towards others by using the telephone number and without the need to ask for the account number is increasingly used by consumers as a means of payment for small amounts.

Between March and July of this year, the number of transactions grew 3.6 times. As of July, almost 3.3 million more transfers were made than in March, when the COVID-19 pandemic arrived and, with it, sanitary restrictions.

SINPE Móvil registered in the seventh month of the year, a total of ¢79 billion colones.

The average amount for each transfer is ¢17,400.

Unlike the full SINPE, the mobile version is a free service whereby money is transferred from one account to another by assigning a cell phone number.

The total amount allowed to transfer per day is ¢100,000 and the total amount received is a maximum of ¢2 million per month.

In addition to making payments, SINPE Móvil allows users to check their bank account balance through text messaging, by sending the word “BALANCE” to the code indicated by each financial institution.

The Sistema Nacional de Pagos Electrónicos (SINPE), accessed through each bank’s website, has and costs between US$0.50 and US$5 dollars for a delayed transfer (usually the next day) or immediate. Each bank sets the commission rate and transfer limits and conditions for the use of the SINPE.

 

 

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María Luisa Cedeño case: Bites on cheek and forearm link hotel owner to murder

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[HQ] A bite on the cheek and another on the victim’s forearm link the owner of the Mansion Inn hotel, in Quepos, Puntarenas, with the murder of the anesthesiologist María Luisa Cedeño Quesada, which occurred on July 20 in room 21 of the hotel.

María Luisa Cedeño Quesada, an anesthesiologist murdered in a hotel in Quepos, arrived at the hotel on Saturday, July 18, and was scheduled to leave on Monday, July 20, the day she was found dead. Photo: Taken from Facebook

The information was confirmed by José Miguel Villalobos Umaña, lawyer for businessman Harry Bodaan, 69, who was arrested on Thursday shortly before noon.

Villalobos confirmed that Bodaan was released under house arrest with an ankle bracelet as a preventive measure while the investigation continues.

Villalobos cast doubt on the physical evidence against his client, saying “it cannot be excluded that they are from Mr. Bodaan, that is, they could be or could not be,” referring to bite marks on the body of the victim.

The lawyer said the forensic dental opinion against his client is not conclusive, as are DNA, semen, skin, blood, or fingerprint tests.

For this reason, he said, the Prosecutor’s office requested house arrest against his client and not jail. “It is never a reliable test, because it is very weak, but (the businessman) cannot be excluded. For this reason, the Prosecutor’s Office says that the containment measure is needed to be able to investigate it without the risk of flight”

Thus, Bodaan will spend the next six months in an apartment located within the hotel complex where the murder of María Luisa Cedeño Quesada took place and, in addition, he is surrendering his passport, prevented from leaving the country.

Two other men have also been arrested in the murder of Maria Luisa, one, a 32-year-old man identified as Herrera Martinez, who lived in the hotel; a 36-year-old man identified as Miranda Izquierdo, the other living in Jaco. Both were friends of Bodaan.

But here is a twist in the case. Bodaan says he did not know the doctor until the morning of the discovery of the body in one of the rooms so his hotel, despite posts in social networks to the contrary, stating that the two met when Bodaan underwent two knee surgeries in February at the Hospital CIMA, in Escazú, were the victim was was head of the Anesthesiology and Recovery Service

Villalobos assured that his client did not know the victim.

“He found out about the anesthesiologist on the day of her death. It is also false that she was the anesthetist for the two knee operations that Bodaan underwent in February. They did not know each other,” said the lawyer.

Villalobos also stated his client suffers from Parkinson’s disease.

 

 

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COVID-19 Costa Rica: 806 new cases; 104 in ICU for this Saturday, Aug 15

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(QCOSTARICA) The Deputy Minister of Health, Pedro González, reported this Saturday 806 new cases of the COVID-19 in Costa Rica, with a new total of 27,737 accumulated since March 6.

Saturday’s number is divided into 599 confirmed cases by testing and 207 by nexus of confirmed patients, these are people with direct contact with a positive case after presenting symptoms.

A total of 9,010 are recovered.

Ten deaths were reported for this Saturday, with a new total of 291 deaths: 108 women and 183 men, with an age range of 21 to 100 years.

Gonzalez confirmed that the 21-year-old victim is a woman, resident of Guanacaste and the youngest to die in Costa Rica due to COVID-19.

She had been diagnosed on July 31 and hospitalized at Hospital México. As a condition, she presented a severe bone marrow aplasia, a disease in which the red bone marrow disappears and consequently ceases to produce red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

The number of hospitalized dropped to 369, four less than the previous day, of which 104 are being treated in Intensive Care Units (ICU), the largest number so far, with an age range of 0 to 85.

 

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COVID-19 Costa Rica: 802 new cases; 99 patients in ICU for Friday, Aug 14

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(QCOSTARICA) The Ministry of Health reported 802 new cases on Friday, August 14, bringing the total to 26,931 since the first reported case in March.

The number of active cases is now 17,865. The total recovered are 8,785 or 36.2% of all cases.

The deaths due to COVID-19 continues to rise, adding 9 more deaths on Friday, six men and three women, aged from 39 to 92.

The total deaths are 281: 102 women and 179 men, ranging in age from 23 to 100 years.

A total of 373 patients are in hospital, of which 99 are in the Intensive Care Unit (UCI).

 

 

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Costa Rica is the Latin American country with the worst paved roads

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(QCOSTARICA) Despite the efforts made in recent years, Costa Rica is the Latin American country with the worst state of its paved roads, reveals the report published last month.

The report, “De estructuras a servicios: El camino a una mejor infraestructura en América Latina y el Caribe”, published by the Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), indicated that 49% of Costa Rica’s paved primary road network shows some deterioration.

The Latin nations with the best state of their primary roads are Chile and Mexico, where less than 5% are in poor condition.

From the report De estructuras a servicios: El camino a una mejor infraestructura en América Latina y el Caribe

Costa Rica is well below the Latin American average, based on the fact that the report reveals that the percentage of asphalt roads in Latin America and the Caribbean in poor condition is 20%.

A road in poor condition is considered when the International Roughness Index (IRI) exceeds a certain threshold, which changes from one country to another.

For this index, data from 15 countries in the region were considered. In the case of Costa Rica, the primary network was taken into account, but in other countries, the total number of paved roads was considered.

The report indicates that to close its infrastructure gap, Latin America and the Caribbean needs more than just investing in new structures, the situation in Costa Rica, where the focus of the Ministerio de Obras Publicas y Transportes (MOPT) is on creating new roads, that seem never to get completed, rather than maintaining and improving existing roads.

 

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UCR produces the first 500 pills of a possible drug against Covid-19

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(QCOSTARICA) Another new piece of news in the search for treatments to combat Covid-19: After more than five months of effort and 400 hours of work, the scientific staff of the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Costa Rica (UCR) managed to conclude successfully the development of the first 500 pilot tablets based on favipiravir, a compound that could help counteract the virus.

Favipiravir is an antiviral medication used to treat influenza in Japan.

Last May, Russia approved its generic version known as Avifavir, finding initial evidence that suggested an inhibitory effect on the replication of Covid-19 in the body.

While further clinical confirmation is still awaited, countries such as Japan, Russia, India, and China already use this drug to help patients mitigate the progression of the disease.

“The idea of ​​us at the UCR is to generate knowledge so that Costa Rica can formulate the drug in the national territory, without depending on the foreigner. With this research project what we seek is to transfer knowledge so that a pharmaceutical company with industrial capacity can produce it ”, said German Madrigal, director of the Institute for Pharmaceutical Research (Inifar-UCR).

What follows now is the validation of the analytical methodology and quality control tests by the Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Analysis and Advice (Layafa-UCR), a laboratory with more than 15 years of contributing to the Ministry of Health in the task of ensuring that the drugs marketed in the country meet all the criteria for quality, safety, and efficacy.

Additionally, dissolution kinetic tests will be performed. These tests are necessary to determine whether the release of the drug upon entering the human body occurs satisfactorily.

Also, the UCR’s Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP-UCR) has already successfully packaged the first two batches of equine immunoglobulins with which it is intended to treat severe patients with COVID-19.
The serum is undergoing approval by the Central Scientific Ethics Committee to allow the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS) to with the clinical study in patients with the COVID-19 disease.
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What can and cannot be open this Mother’s Day weekend

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(QCOSTARICA) Today is Día de la Madre (Mother’s Day) in Costa Rica. It can be said it is the mother of all holidays. A day that often means a large family celebration, a special lunch or dinner, a showering of gifts for mothers, grandmothers and wives.

But we are in times of pandemic. So, this Mother’s Day is unlike any other Mother’s Day in Costa Rica.

Traditionally, the is celebrated on the day it falls. This year, due to the pandemic, the legal holiday (day off work) is on Monday, August 17.

But that is not the only difference this year. the coronavirus has forced on us changes never imagined.

To contain the spread of the contagion, for this Mother’s day (August 15 and 16), in orange alert areas (practically the entire Greater Metropolitan Area or GAM, the area with the largest population and malls) retail stores in general, restaurants, department stores, and beauty salons, among others, must remain closed.

Open are supermarkets, suppliers, grocery stores and mini-supermarkets, puplerias (corner stores) restricted to only be able to sell food, drinks, groceries, cleaning and hygiene supplies, and basic needs and with a maximum capacity of 50%. Stores like Pricesmart and Walmart, for example, have to block off all areas that are not related to the essentials.

Only allowed open under the non-attendance modality of the public: Home delivery services, the self-service; and take-out food (customers must remain inside the vehicle); and all those other establishments that do not provide attendance to the public in person (productive activities, industries, free zones, among others).

It is important to clarify that Monday, August 17, a legal holiday, functions as a weekday where restaurants, shops, beauty salons, barbershops and beauty salons can operate with a capacity of 50%, and supermarkets can enable the sale of all their products. These rules remain until Friday, August 21, in the closure phase in orange alert cantons

More: The Vehicular Restrictions for August 15 and 16

Again, the above is only for areas under ORANGE alert. Life in all other areas continues under COVID normal.

To all mothers, grandmothers, aunts, wives, sisters – all women – the Q wishes you a very warm and happy Mother’s Day!

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The Vehicular Restrictions for August 15 and 16

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(QCOSTARICA) Confusion reigns. During this ‘closed’ phase of August, the government announced vehicular restrictions for yellow and orange alert zones have left more than one driver scratching their heads, and asking themselves, can I drive today?

Add to that the error at the beginning of last week when the error and correction to the published restrictions as they apply today, Saturday, August 15, and tomorrow, Sunday, August 16.

According to information from the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MOPT) and the National Emergency Commission (CNE), this Saturday will be able to circulate freely (not only to go to supermarkets or pharmacies) vehicles with plates whose last digits are odd 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9, from 5 am to 7 pm in both orange and yellow areas.

On Sunday under the same conditions, those who circulate in vehicles whose license plates end in even numbers 2, 4, 6, 8 and 0 may do so from 5 am to 7 pm both in yellow and orange areas.

See here interactive map of orange and yellow zones

In the border cantons, the hours are from 5 am at 5 pm (See list of alerts at the end of this note) and the same condition of odd on Saturday and even on Sunday applies.

Thus, unlike during the past week and next, vehicles can cross over from orange to yellow and driving is not restricted only to the supermarket, pharmacy or a medical center.

On Monday, despite it being a legal holiday (Mother’s Day, today, is moved to Monday), we are back to the August vehicular restrictions: only two plates allowed to circulate in orange zones and two plates restricted in yellow.

Exceptions are, for example, to go to work, medical appointments, human or veterinary emergencies, accommodation (hotel) reservations, Riteve appointment, driving test, and take children to care centers; among others. This link is to the official and complete list of the exceptions.

Cantons in orange alert

  • Alajuelita
  • Aserrí
  • Curridabat
  • Desamparados (excepted are districts in yellow)
  • Escazú
  • Goicoechea
  • Montes de Oca
  • Puriscal
  • San José
  • Santa Ana
  • Alajuela (except Sarapiquí district)
  • Naranjo
  • La Unión
  • Belén
  • Flores
  • Heredia (Heredia center, Mercedes, San Francisco, and Ulloa districts)
  • San Isidro
  • San Pablo
  • Santo Domingo
  • Corredores (Canoas, La Cuesta, and Laurel districts)
  • Parrita

Cantons in yellow alert

  • Acosta
  • Desamparados (Frailes and San Cristóbal districts)
  • Dota
  • León Cortés Castro
  • Mora
  • Moravia
  • Pérez Zeledón
  • Tarrazú
  • Turrubares
  • Vázquez de Coronado
  • Alajuela (Sarapiquí district)
  • Atenas
  • Grecia
  • Guatuso
  • Los Chiles
  • Orotina
  • Palmares
  • Poás
  • Río Cuarto
  • San Carlos
  • San Ramón
  • San Mateo
  • Sarchí
  • Upala
  • Zarcero
  • Alvarado
  • Cartago
  • El Guarco
  • Jiménez
  • Oreamuno
  • Paraíso
  • Turrialba
  • Barva
  • Heredia (Varablanca district)
  • Santa Bárbara
  • San Rafael
  • Sarapiquí
  • Abangares
  • Bagaces
  • Cañas
  • Carrillo
  • Hojancha
  • La Cruz
  • Liberia
  • Nandayure
  • Nicoya
  • Santa Cruz
  • Tilarán
  • Buenos Aires
  • Corredores (Corredor district)
  • Coto Brus
  • Esparza
  • Garabito
  • Golfito
  • Montes de Oro
  • Osa
  • Puntarenas
  • Quepos
  • Guácimo
  • Limón
  • Matina
  • Pococí
  • Siquirres
  • Talamanca

Border cantons (restrictions from 5am to 5 pm)

  • Cantón de La Cruz
  • Cantón de Upala
  • Cantón de Guatuso
  • Cantón de Los Chiles
  • Cantón de San Carlos: Cutris, Pital and Pocosol.
  • Distritos de Llanuras del Gaspar and Curuña del cantón de Sarapiquí
  • Distritos de Pacuarito and Reventazón del cantón de Siquirres
  • Los distritos de La Rita, Roxana, Cariari and Colorado del Cantón de Pococí
  • Distrito de Duacarí de cantón de Guácimo
  • Cantón de Corredores
  • Distritos de Sabalito and Agua Buena del Cantón de Coto Brus

And, just in case, in all this confusion, a reminder that the sanctions for violating the health sanitary vehicular restrictions are:

  • A ¢110,000 colones fine
  • Six points on the driver’s license, which implies driver-ed on renewal
  • Confiscation of license plates and or vehicle

 

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Merchants estimate a drop close to 60% in sales for Mother’s Day

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(QCOSTARICA) Tomorrow, August 15, is Mother’s Day. A day when mothers all across the country are showered with that special attention, gifts, dining out, family gatherings and more. But not this year. Not with the coronavirus pandemic.

From a retailer’s point of view, Mother’s Day is the third most important commercial date of the year. This year the Costa Rican Chamber of Commerce (CCCR) estimates sales to drop 60% or more; forecasting sales of ¢16 billion colones, compared to the ¢38 billion in sales last year.

Alonso Elizondo, executive director of the CCCR, pointed out that the phenomenon is occurring that consumers spend little time in a business, to look around. This means customers arrive determined, purchase the items, and leave immediately. Almost no compulsive buying.

This behavior is more visible in shopping centers. Consumers don’t walk the malls, window shopping, consuming more than their intended purchases.

Due to the pandemic and the vehicular restrictions in the greater metropolitan area (GAM), where the majority of the malls, box stores and major retailers are concentrated, the influx of consumers is at an all time low.

The CECO Group, an association that groups Lincoln Plaza, Multiplaza Curridabat, Multiplaza Escazú, Multicentro Desamparados, Paseo de las Flores, Paseo Metrópoli, City Mall Alajuela, Mall San Pedro, Oxigeno and Terramall, calculates that the flow of customers is 60% lower compared to last year.

Contributing is the confusion of what is open and what is not, driving to and from orange and yellow alert areas and additional restrictions placed for Saturday (15) and Sunday (16) of the “closed” phase in the orange alert areas.

Added is the moving the legal holiday, August 15, forward to the following Monday, in this case the 17th.

 

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Legislator Ivonne Acuña in isolation for being a close contact of a COVID-19 case

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Legislator Ivonne Acuña getting her temperature tested

[HQ] Independent legislators Ivonne Acuña Cabrera is the first member of the Legislative Assembly to be considered a suspected case of COVID-19. To date, Congress has registered three positive cases among officials of the institution: an usher, a security officer and a secretary.

Legislator Ivonne Acuña getting her temperature tested

The legislator was sent home for self- isolation, after being identified as a close contact of a positive COVID-19 case.

According to her press spokesperson, the legislator is in good health and is waiting for test results.

According to the press release, the legislator was made aware “earlier this week” that she was a close contact of a confirmed case. For days she has missed sessions.

Days ago the Castillo Azul (Blue Castle), the building which houses the legislators offices, was closed for a deep disinfection.

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Costa Rica will admit tourists from 6 more countries: US remains off the list

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(QCOSTARICA) In addition to tourists from Canada, the United Kingdom and the European Union (Schengen countries), this Thursday the Ministry of Health, together with the Costa Rican Tourism Board (ICT), gave the green light for commercial flights from Japan, Thailand, China, Australia, New Zealand, and Uruguay.

For the moment, the United States remains out of the list.

“In addition to the countries of the Schengen area, the European Union, the United Kingdom and Canada that could arrive from August 1, now Asian nations such as Japan, Thailand and China are included in the list; from Oceania – Australia and New Zealand -, while from Latin America the arrival of travelers from Uruguay will be allowed,” said the statement released this Thursday by the ICT.

Tourists must have remained in one of these authorized countries for at least 14 days before a flight — commercial or charter — to Costa Rica.

The requirements for all tourist arrivals continue to be:

  • Fill out the digital epidemiological form called the Health Pass.
  • A negative COVID-19 test. The test sample must be taken within no more than 48 hours of when the passenger is to fly to Costa Rica.
  • Effectiveness of the policy during the visit to Costa Rica with guaranteed coverage of medical expenses in the event of becoming ill with the COVID-19 virus while in Costa Rica. The policy can be purchased abroad (international) or from the State insurer, INS.
  • Strictly comply with all sanitary protocols stipulated in international airports.
  • Costa Rican citizens, residents, pilots, and flight crew only need to fill out the Health Pass.

Costa Rica opened the borders to the entry of foreign tourists since last August 1, after maintaining the closure since the end of March due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Costa Rica’s land and sea borders remain restricted to entry of only Costa Ricans and residents who have not left the country after March 24, 2020.

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COVID-19 Vaccine would soon arrive in Latin America and would cost $4 dollars

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(AFP) Assuming it passes successfully through the Phase 3 trials it is currently undergoing, a Covid-19 vaccine developed by the University of Oxford in the U.K. and licensed to the pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca in Mexico will allow its availability in Latin America, thanks to a deal between the pharmaceutical and the Carlos Slim Foundation.

Mexico’s role will be to package the 150 million to 250 million doses of the vaccine to be distributed in the region. AstraZeneca already has facilities in Argentina.

According to Argentine President Alberto Fernández, who announced the deal Thursday (August 13), the agreement will assure Latin American access to the vaccine as soon as it becomes publicly available, possibly in the first six months of 2021.

“What this agreement makes possible is that Latin America, and particularly Argentina, will be able to have access to the vaccine six to 12 months before we would have had access to it had we not been able to make this agreement,” said Fernández.

Fernández said the vaccines will be distributed fairly between the Latin American countries that request it. “AstraZeneca has promised that the vaccine will be affordable, at more reasonable prices, between US$3 and US$4 dollars, and it does not expect to profit from it during the pandemic,” said Fernández.

“AstraZeneca recognizes the urgency of the worldwide pandemic and will work in alliance with partners for the distribution of the vaccine in an egalitarian format,” the Slim Foundation said in a press release. “AstraZeneca is working with strategic partners in Latin America, including Argentina and Mexico, taking advantage of its capacity to facilitate the early availability of the potential vaccine.”

The agreement was announced in Buenos Aires by President Alberto Fernández and later the Mexican Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard who said that Latin America will be able to have access to the “cutting edge vaccine” as the AstraZeneca project and the University of Oxford are one of the most solid and advanced.

The vaccine’s trials with human volunteers are currently taking place in the United Kingdom, Brazil, and South Africa and are scheduled to begin in the U.S. this month. Early clinical results have made AstraZeneca’s vaccine, which uses a weakened version of a common-cold virus, one of the leading candidates to be launched globally, with researchers reporting that it is safe and creates antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus with minimal side effects. The shot is expected to provide protection for about a year, probably using a two-dose delivery system.

Latin America, except Brazil, will be able to access “at the same time that the countries develop an effective vaccine and at a price that does not include profit because it was the condition that Oxford put,” Ebrard told the Televisa network.

Elías Ayub, currently Director of Strategic Alliances of Telefonos de Mexico and CEO of the Telmex Foundation, explained that the telecommunications magnate’s foundation is already allocating financial resources to the process and that the production of the potential vaccine has already been negotiated with two laboratories, one in each country.

“Neither AstraZeneca nor Slim will have a profit in production,” Elías Ayub added, noting that the magnate’s main motivation for participating in the project is to “save lives,” followed by the need to preserve health and promote economic reactivation.

Carlos Slim is the owner of the América Móvil, is a Mexican telecommunications corporation headquartered in Mexico City, Mexico and the seventh-largest mobile network operator in terms of equity subscribers and one of the largest corporations in the world.

América Móvil subsidiaries includes brands such as Claro, Telmex, Telcel, Nextel Brazil, and Uno TV.

The Forbes places Slim 12th of the richest in the world 2020 with an estimated worth of US$52.4 billion dollars.

Mexico has agreements with other firms, such as the French Sanofi, the American Janssen Pharmaceuticals and the Chinese CanSino Biologics and Walvax Biotechnology, to participate in clinical trials of a possible vaccine.

Mexico is the third country in the world, behind the United States and Brazil, with the highest number of deaths with 55,293, while the confirmed cases total 505,751 as of August 13, 2020.

Factbox: AstraZeneca’s potential coronavirus vaccine

Below are the main details of AstraZeneca’s coronavirus vaccine hopeful and its supply and production deals. Source Reuters.

TYPE

  • – The shot, called AZD1222 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, is a recombinant viral vector vaccine developed by Oxford University.
  • It was licensed to AstraZeneca in April.
  • The vaccine candidate uses a weakened version of a common-cold virus that encodes instructions for making proteins from the novel coronavirus to build immunity.

PROTECTION DURATION

  • The shot is likely to provide protection for about a year, and the company is leaning towards a two-dose strategy for the potential vaccine.

EXPECTED COST

  • AstraZeneca says it will be able to manufacture the vaccine at a few dollars per dose.
  • According to Italy’s health ministry, an AZD1222 shot would cost about 2.5 euros ($2.8) per dose in Europe.
  • India’s Serum Institute said it will price the shot at $3 per dose for the country and other emerging economies.
  • AstraZeneca has said it does not expect to profit from the vaccine candidate during the pandemic.
  • Costs in other regions have not been disclosed.

TRIALS

  • AstraZeneca’s CEO said good data has come in so far on the shot, after early-stage clinical trials showed it was safe and produced an immune response.
  • Late-stage trials are currently underway in Britain, Brazil and South Africa, and are due to start in the United States in the third quarter.
  • Talks are ongoing with Mexico, and reports have said the Indian regulator has also given a nod for mid-to-late-stage trials.

TIMELINE

  • The vaccine could be rolled out by year-end, but there is no certainty of that, its lead developer said in July.
  • Data from late-stage studies is expected by August to September.
  • Delivery of the first doses is expected between September and October.
  • Experts predict a safe and effective vaccine could take 12-18 months to develop.

TARGET DOSES

  • More than 2.4 billion

TIE-UPS

  • With U.S. backing, AstraZeneca has tied up with IQVIA to speed up trials. Even before conclusive evidence of the vaccine’s success or failure, AstraZeneca has signed other deals to produce and supply the shot.

 

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COVID-19 contagion rate slows its decline in Costa Rica

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(QCOSTARICA) After showing “an encouraging downward trend”, the contagion rate of COVID-19 in Costa Rica slowed its decline and currently oscillates slightly above 1. This means that for each patient there are 1.1 more on average.

This is shown by the most recent analysis of the Central American Population Center (CCP) of the University of Costa Rica (UCR), which independently monitors the country’s contagion rate.

According to the research center, the contagion rate is currently “oscillating” slightly above 1. For cases to start falling, it has to fall below 1.

“It is imperative that to regain traceability the country resume the downward trend achieved in July. But this will hardly happen in the next 30 days,” says the publication.

Rate R COVID-19: R = 1.1 OscillatingCosta Rica, August 12, 2020

This indicator shows how many people each infected with COVID-19 infects on average while it is an active case. For example, a high rate would be 2, since for each patient there would be two more infected: an exponential increase.

If this rate begins to be less than 1 (each infected person avoids infecting another new person), the cases will begin to decrease over time, and “the epidemic is on the way to extinction”. This, however, would occur with a delay of weeks.

At the end of June, Costa Rica reached the second-highest contagion rate in Latin America, when it reached 1.97. This caused an accelerated spike in COVID-19 cases in July.

During July, however, the contagion rate began to fall, just after the Ministry of Health made the use of masks (mascarillas) mandatory in public spaces and subsequently applied the “hammer” (martillo).

If the country were to manage to drop the rate to 0.7, there would be around 390 new cases by the end of August, according to the CCP. This, however, “will hardly happen” during August, since the economic opening will be allowed during the last 10 days of the month.

Projections

In the future, the CCP estimates that, if everything remains the same, by the end of August there would be a thousand new cases per day of COVID-19.

“This number is higher than the current average and could exceed the hospital care capacity of the CCSS and would make it impossible to recover traceability with adequate tracking-testing,” says the research center.

In the worst-case scenario, the contagion rate would return to 1.5 and this would cause an exponential increase in cases; that is to say, the collapse of the hospitals. In the best of cases, the rate drops to 0.7 and, by September 11, there would be 390 new cases

To avoid the worst-case scenario, the research center recommended three ways to reduce Covid-19 infections: social distancing, masks, and tracking of each active case.

Non-essential social interaction index in Ibero-America

In the first, however, a “reversal” was identified in the mobility of Costa Ricans, according to data extracted from Google.

In July, Costa Rica had 43% social interaction, but now it has risen to 58%, the same as it had in February (before the pandemic).

Deaths per 100,000 people in Latin America

 

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Hotel owner where murder of María Luisa Cedeño occurred

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María Luisa Cedeño Quesada, anesthesiologist murdered in a hotel in Quepos. Photo taken from Facebook.

(QCOSTARICA) The owner of the La Mansion Inn hotel, in Quepos, Puntarenas, was arrested on Thursday for allegedly linked to the murder of the anesthesiologist María Luisa Cedeño Quesada, on Monday, July 20, in a room in his hotel.

María Luisa Cedeño Quesada, anesthesiologist murdered in a hotel in Quepos. Photo taken from Facebook.

The suspect, surnamed Bodaan, 69, who was detained Thursday at his home in Quepos, confirmed the Judicial Investigation Agency (OIJ). He became the third arrested in this case.

On the possible motive for the murder, investigators are being hermetic, not provided further details other than confirming and that they “managed to collect elements that link him to the events that occurred.”

In addition to Bodaan, two other suspects have been arrested and are in preventive detention. The first is a man named Herrera Martínez, 32, who is a renowned nightclub dancer. He was captured the same day the body was discovered, after shoe prints and several scratches incriminated him. Martínez lived in the hotel for about a year, and a friend of a Bodaan.

The second is a systems engineer, surnamed Miranda Izquierdo, 36 years old. He was arrested on July 25 in Jaco. The presumption of the OIJ is that Miranda had a friendly relationship with the owner of the hotel, the reason why, two weeks before the murder, he was teleworking at La Mansion Inn.

For reasons that are still under investigation, Miranda would have helped Martínez to commit the murder of the woman.

María Luisa Cedeño Quesada, who was head of the Anesthesiology and Recovery Service at Hospital Cima, in Escazú, San José, decided to vacation at this hotel for three days, arriving on Saturday, July 18 and stayed in room 21.

Everything was apparently normal, so much so that the doctor, on Sunday, at 9 pm, went down to reception to ask for a bottle of wine. It was the last time she was seen alive.

Monday, July 20, the day she was to have checked out, at noon, the hotel cleaning staff knocked on her room door. After not getting a response, the hotel maid entered the room and found the body.

 

 

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COVID-19 in Costa Rica: 826 new cases Thursday; IMAS will help pay for funerals in poor families

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(QCOSTARICA) Low-income families with a death due to COVID-19 will have access to aid from the Instituto Mixto de Ayuda Social (IMAS) to pay for funerals.

The announcement was made this Thursday by Juan Luis Bermúdez, executive president of IMAS and minister of Human Development and Social Inclusion, during the conference to present an epidemiological report where there was no health representative.

”It is with a complex situation that must be addressed with solidarity, such as the forecast of spending in the event of deaths from COVID-19. With the effects on families, the drop in income in poor families, we are going to help poor families with the payment of funeral expenses in a situation when they cannot pay, it applies in case of death in the hospital system or outside, such as when the person dies at home,” explained Bermúdez.

According to the Expediente Digital Único en Salud (EDUS) by CCSS, laborers, housemaids, guards, construction workers and informal merchants are at higher risk for COVID-19.

Bermúdez said the benefit includes the payment of the issuance of the death certificate when the death is outside the hospitals and explained the process for receiving the benefit and the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health in burying the deceased by COVID-19 in cemeteries.

826 new cases

This Thursday, the Minister of Health reported 826 new infections of COVID-19, of which 658 are by laboratory test and 168 by nexus, that is, they are people with symptoms who live with a person resting positive.

The total number of infections is now 26,129.

369 people are hospitalized, 95 of them in intensive care with ages between 30 and 85 years. This Thursday, precisely, the CCSS announced that the San Vicente de Paúl Hospital, in Heredia, will also treat critical patients due to the disease caused by this virus.

Nine deaths were reported on Thursday, six men and three women, with ages ranging from 53 to 88 years.

The total number of deaths now is 272.

A total of 8,412 people have recovered. The number of active cases is now 17,445.

 

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Tolls operators must enable card payment, orders Health

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(QCOSTARICA) Toll operators on Ruta 27 and on other roads such as General Cañas, Florencio del Castillo and Route 32 must enable electronic payment (with a debit or credit card), as part of the actions ordered by the Ministry of Health to combat the spread of Covid-19.

The corresponding guideline was updated to establish that “those responsible or awarded the toll collection must coordinate with the corresponding financial entities, the ease of collection by debit or credit card, as well as make the services available to users of the tolls, electronic payment (Quick Pass or similar), through cheaper at  lower cost, provision of a greater number of places of sale or dispensers of this equipment, or home delivery of these devices”.

Those responsible for administering tolls “must encourage the collection of exact amounts through communication to their users”, and people are asked to abide by this recommendation (as much as possible) in order to avoid the exchange of cash.

Among the measures that are added to the document, it is requested to “minimize the handling of cash and it is indicated that only one person is allowed at each collection station.

“… and, if others such as police officers or supervisors approach, they must observe distancing in order to avoid potential contamination by droplets/viruses expelled during conversation/breathing”, it is explained.

Health authorities ensure that the purpose of the guideline is to prevent possible contagion of Covid-19 during “the normal operations of the toll collection stations” and the guidelines are directed to all workers and supervisors of said activity.

Everything indicated in the document is “mandatory compliance, throughout the national territory.”

Rush hour

The document issued also establishes that there must be a plan for the care of drivers during rush hour, this in order to speed up traffic.

“Vendors at tolls should be avoided. (Assess the possibility of banning them since, being street workers, they may be more likely to infect both vehicle drivers and toll station personnel and spread-increase the Pandemic to other places),” the Health guideline stated.

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Panama suspends evictions during the state of emergency for COVID-19

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(Q24N) Arguing that the dynamic evolution of COVID-19 has changed the socio-economic conditions of the population, the government of Panama issued a decree that suspends evictions for the duration of the health emergency.

The Executive Decree of August 7, 2020, which was published in the Official Gazette, modified articles 2, 5, 6, 7 and 11 of Executive Decree No. 145 of May 1, 2010, applies to lease agreements of all kinds (e.g., commercial, industrial, residential, educational);

After being modified, Article 5 details that “… While the State of National Emergency is in effect and up to two months after the lifting of this measure, tenants affected by the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, who are unable to pay their rent, may benefit from Article 2.”

Article 2 suspends the procedures for eviction of real estate intended for residential use, commercial establishments, professional use, industrial activities, and teaching, without distinction of the rent.

The new text of Article 6 specifies that “… After the effects of the Declaration of the State of National Emergency have ceased, and up to two months after it has been lifted, if the tenant refuses to pay the landlord the rental fees that have not been paid during that period and does not comply with the signed mutual agreement, the affected party may appeal to the ordinary courts in the event of non-compliance.”

See full publication of “Executive Decree No. 314”.

As of August 13, Panama reports 77,377 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 1,703 deaths.

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Banks must provide Treasury with data on foreign individuals and companies

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(QCOSTARICA) All financial entities, ie banks, cooperatives, etc must deliver to the Treasury information of the bank accounts of all their foreign clients.

Ministerio de Hacienda (Finance Ministry) main offices in downtown San Jose

Banks are obligated to report, at the end of each year, the name, address, tax residence, IBAN account number and the balance of the same of people and companies of foreign origin to the General Directorate of Taxation, an organ of the Ministerio de Hacienda (Ministry of Finance).

This was determined in official letter No. DGT-R-16-2020, dated August 5, called Resolution on due diligence for the provision of information corresponding to the standard for the automatic exchange of information on financial accounts: Common Standard Report (CSR).

The document, published in the Official Gazette La Gaceta, dictates the parameters in which financial entities must provide the data to the Treasury so that it remits it to the country of origin of the person or company.

That in order for the Tax Administration to comply with the implementation of this information exchange modality, it is considered essential to establish the definitions, general obligations to report the information, due diligence procedures for the accounts of individuals and legal entities as well as the conditions and compliance deadlines to be complied with by the entities required to provide the information, in addition to the effective application referred to the financial accounts as established by the CRS and its comments“, the document explains.

The order is established based on Law 9.118, of May 2014, in which Costa Rica ratified the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

The agreement establishes the confidentiality and data protection of individuals and companies since the information is only for the treasury of each country.

Germán Morales, managing partner of Grant Thornton Costa Rica, explained to La Nacion that this international agreement, ratified by 183 countries, obliges the financial entity to report to Taxation when the owner of the current account is a foreigner.

This parameter is set for existing accounts and all new.

“The bank must report, each December, the current account balance that the foreign person has here (in Costa Rica). It is intended to be reciprocal; For example, if a Tico opens an account in Mexico, it is reported from there. Then, Taxation will have the current accounts of Costa Ricans abroad,” Morales stressed.

Costa Rica makes similar reports in the cases of US citizens based on the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (Fatca) and the European Union, according to Mario Gómez, legal advisor to the Costa Rican Banking Association.

However, by establishing the steps to comply with the OECD convention, the obligation to provide information opens up to more countries.

The bank that does not make the reports can be fined equal to 2% of the bank’s gross income.

“The resolution establishes the standard procedure for how the information should be delivered and the Taxation of each country will determine the use that will be given to the information,” explained Francisco Villalobos, partner at ICS Abogados and former Tax Director.

Villalobos stressed that the agreement does not imply any modification of the lifting of banking secrecy for Costa Rican citizens. Villalobos emphasized that that would require a court order.

Source: Nacion.com

 

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8 simple strategies to fuel your body during a pandemic

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Photo by Merve Aydin for Unsplash

People eat for many reasons – pleasure, emotional release, boredom or to connect with others. And then there is eating during a pandemic. Whether you find yourself working from home, in quarantine or transitioning back to an office, chances are good that COVID-19 has impacted how you eat.

Photo by Merve Aydin for Unsplash

As a dietitian, I address eating disorders and disordered eating, defined as a behavior that doesn’t quite fit the criteria for an eating disorder diagnosis. I do this by helping students at Binghamton University to eat in ways that support both optimal physical and mental health.

In working with students who have food concerns, I teach them that food doesn’t have to be a problem but rather a source of fuel that supports our bodies and minds. And while the pandemic has shaped our lives in unexpected ways, there are a few simple strategies to help you strike a nutritional balance no matter your situation.

1. Eat like clockwork

Our bodies love routine and tend to perform best with repetition. This is especially true of eating. Without the structure of a regular work or school day, or when your “desk” is within arm’s length of your fridge, it can be easier to eat erratically. Try to eat at around the same time each day. This can help regulate hunger and fullness cues, leading to more mindful decisions about what and when to eat.

Aim to eat a balanced meal every three to four hours. Add a snack when meals are more than five hours apart. Include at least three food groups for a meal and two for a snack, and try to include protein whenever you eat. Sticking to a regular schedule and eating balanced meals and snacks throughout the day will help prevent excessive snacking at night. If you feel hungry sooner than you plan to eat, have a small snack or adjust your mealtime. By eating when you begin to feel hungry, you can avoid the urgent, frenzied eating triggered by your body as you get hungrier.

2. Prioritize sleep

Sleep quality and quantity are tied to the way we eat. A lack of sleep is associated with higher levels of the hormone grehlin, which signals hunger, and lower amounts of leptin, the hormone that signals fullness.

Good sleeping habits have an effect on how you eat.
Photo by Cassandra Hamer on Unsplash

Poor sleep quality and quantity also seem to be correlated with an enhanced reward response to foods that seem irresistible – salty, sweet, oily – and that can lead us to reach more often for those foods. The best way to support your sleep is to practice good sleep habits. Try going to bed and waking up at consistent times each day. Put screens away an hour before bedtime, and avoid caffeine eight hours before you go to sleep.

3. Stock a nutritious pantry

These days, trips to the grocery store are often less frequent, especially if you are quarantined for illness or exposure. Stocking up on nutritious foods that can be stored for several weeks is a good practice so you are prepared no matter what the situation. This practice makes it easier to throw together easy, healthy meals using what you have on hand. Pantry staples may include canned and dried beans, brown rice, whole grain pasta, oatmeal and whole grain cereals, pumpkin and sunflower seeds, almonds, canned tuna, peanut butter and dried fruit.

4. Shop for the freezer

One of the biggest challenges of infrequent grocery shopping is fresh fruits and vegetables, which tend to spoil within a week. Shop for produce that lasts longer such as carrots, potatoes, cabbage, apples, winter squash, oranges, clementines, yams, celery and sweet potatoes.

Stock your pantry with grains, citrus fruit and root vegetables, items that last.
Photo by Eiliv Sonas Aceron on Unsplash

If you have the freezer space, stock up on frozen vegetables and fruit, which are flash frozen right after being picked, locking in most of their nutrients. Not only do these products last a long time, but they can be less expensive and equally nutritious as fresh vegetables.

5. Cook creatively

There are many ways to build balanced, nutritious meals by combining protein with a starch and a vegetable. Keep an arsenal of creative “no recipe” recipes or ideas that allow you to cook with what you have. Some options may include soups and stews, frittatas, casseroles, stir-fries, burritos and pasta dishes. Challenge yourself to invent a meal based on ingredients available. This can stretch the time between grocery trips, which saves money, shrinks food waste and develops your creative cooking skills in the kitchen.

6. Pack a lunch

Heading back to work? Consider packing a lunch. Bringing your own lunch may be necessary anyway, as workplace cafeterias and eateries may be closed or have limited service. Bringing food from home tends to result in a more nutritious meal and can help to avoid areas where people congregate to purchase and eat food. To avoid using a communal microwave, there are also several portable products on the market that both heat and keep your food hot.

7. Snack with intention

Many people tend to snack more when they are stressed. This is a normal response. Just make sure that these foods don’t displace regular, balanced meals. To be more conscious about snacking, use a bowl or plate rather than eating directly out of a container. This helps you see how much you’re eating and can slow how quickly you eat. Most importantly, if you’re going to have a snack, enjoy it!

Savor a dish of sweet, fragrant raspberries.
Photo by Rutger van Deelen on Unsplash

Focus on your delicious task. Allow yourself to eat without distraction, noticing the texture, smell, temperature and taste. By paying attention, you’re more likely to connect with your hunger and fullness cues, which will lead to a greater sense of physical satisfaction.

8. Keep moving

Move your body when working from home or quarantining. It is more important than ever to have a consistent exercise routine. In addition to the numerous benefits of physical activity, including boosting your immune system, exercise can have a positive impact on how and what you eat. A recent study published in the International Journal of Obesity found that the more participants exercised, the more likely they were to eat nutrient-dense foods, like fruits and vegetables, rather than less nutritious snacks. People who exercise may be more likely to be motivated to fuel their body properly.

[Deep knowledge, daily. Sign up for The Conversation’s newsletter.]The Conversation

Julie Lee, Registered Dietitian, Binghamton University, State University of New York

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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How to use ventilation and air filtration to prevent the spread of coronavirus indoors

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Open windows are the simplest way to increase air flow in a room.
Justin Paget / Digital Vision via Getty Images

The vast majority of SARS-CoV-2 transmission occurs indoors, most of it from the inhalation of airborne particles that contain the coronavirus. The best way to prevent the virus from spreading in a home or business would be to simply keep infected people away. But this is hard to do when an estimated 40% of cases are asymptomatic and asymptomatic people can still spread the coronavirus to others.

Masks do a decent job at keeping the virus from spreading into the environment, but if an infected person is inside a building, inevitably some virus will escape into the air.

I am a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Colorado Boulder. Much of my work has focused on how to control the transmission of airborne infectious diseases indoors, and I’ve been asked by my own university, my kids’ schools and even the Alaska State Legislature for advice on how to make indoor spaces safe during this pandemic.

Once the virus escapes into the air inside a building, you have two options: bring in fresh air from outside or remove the virus from the air inside the building.

A drawing showing an air conditioning unit blowing air into a building and a fan blowing air out of an open window.
All of the air in a room should be replaced with fresh, outside air at least six times per hour if there are a few people inside.
Pico/iStock/Getty Images Plus via Getty Images

It’s all about fresh, outside air

The safest indoor space is one that constantly has lots of outside air replacing the stale air inside.

In commercial buildings, outside air is usually pumped in through heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. In homes, outside air gets in through open windows and doors, in addition to seeping in through various nooks and crannies.

Simply put, the more fresh, outside air inside a building, the better. Bringing in this air dilutes any contaminant in a building, whether a virus or a something else, and reduces the exposure of anyone inside. Environmental engineers like me quantify how much outside air is getting into a building using a measure called the air exchange rate. This number quantifies the number of times the air inside a building gets replaced with air from outside in an hour.

While the exact rate depends on the number of people and size of the room, most experts consider roughly six air changes an hour to be good for a 10-foot-by-10-foot room with three to four people in it. In a pandemic this should be higher, with one study from 2016 suggesting that an exchange rate of nine times per hour reduced the spread of SARS, MERS and H1N1 in a Hong Kong hospital.

Many buildings in the U.S., especially schools, do not meet recommended ventilation rates. Thankfully, it can be pretty easy to get more outside air into a building. Keeping windows and doors open is a good start. Putting a box fan in a window blowing out can greatly increase air exchange too. In buildings that don’t have operable windows, you can change the mechanical ventilation system to increase how much air it is pumping. But in any room, the more people inside, the faster the air should be replaced.

A carbon dioxide meter mounted on a white wall showing a reading of 300 parts per million.
CO2 levels can be used to estimate whether the air in a room is stale and potentially full of particles containing the coronavirus.
Vudhikul Ocharoen/iStock/Getty Images Plus via Getty Images

Using CO2 to measure air circulation

So how do you know if the room you’re in has enough air exchange? It’s actually a pretty hard number to calculate. But there’s an easy-to-measure proxy that can help. Every time you exhale, you release CO2 into the air. Since the coronavirus is most often spread by breathing, coughing or talking, you can use CO2 levels to see if the room is filling up with potentially infectious exhalations. The CO2 level lets you estimate if enough fresh outside air is getting in.

Outdoors, CO2 levels are just above 400 parts per million (ppm). A well ventilated room will have around 800 ppm of CO2. Any higher than that and it is a sign the room might need more ventilation.

Last year, researchers in Taiwan reported on the effect of ventilation on a tuberculosis outbreak at Taipei University. Many of the rooms in the school were underventilated and had CO2 levels above 3,000 ppm. When engineers improved air circulation and got CO2 levels under 600 ppm, the outbreak completely stopped. According to the research, the increase in ventilation was responsible for 97% of the decrease in transmission.

Since the coronavirus is spread through the air, higher CO2 levels in a room likely mean there is a higher chance of transmission if an infected person is inside. Based on the study above, I recommend trying to keep the CO2 levels below 600 ppm. You can buy good CO2 meters for around $100 online; just make sure that they are accurate to within 50 ppm.

Air cleaners

If you are in a room that can’t get enough outside air for dilution, consider an air cleaner, also commonly called air purifiers. These machines remove particles from the air, usually using a filter made of tightly woven fibers. They can capture particles containing bacteria and viruses and can help reduce disease transmission.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says that air cleaners can do this for the coronavirus, but not all air cleaners are equal. Before you go out and buy one, there are few things to keep in mind.

A stock image of an upright air cleaner.
If a room doesn’t have good ventilation, an air cleaner or air purifier with a good filter can remove particles that may contain the coronavirus.
EHStock/iStock/Getty Images Plus via Getty Images

The first thing to consider is how effective an air cleaner’s filter is. Your best option is a cleaner that uses a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, as these remove more than 99.97% of all particle sizes.

The second thing to consider is how powerful the cleaner is. The bigger the room – or the more people in it – the more air needs to be cleaned. I worked with some colleagues at Harvard to put together a tool to help teachers and schools determine how powerful of an air cleaner you need for different classroom sizes.

The last thing to consider is the validity of the claims made by the company producing the air cleaner.

The Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers certifies air cleaners, so the AHAM Verifide seal is a good place to start. Additionally, the California Air Resources Board has a list of air cleaners that are certified as safe and effective, though not all of them use HEPA filters.

Keep air fresh or get outside

Both the World Health Organization and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention say that poor ventilation increases the risk of transmitting the coronavirus.

If you are in control of your indoor environment, make sure you are getting enough fresh air from outside circulating into the building. A CO2 monitor can help give you a clue if there is enough ventilation, and if CO2 levels start going up, open some windows and take a break outside. If you can’t get enough fresh air into a room, an air cleaner might be a good idea. If you do get an air cleaner, be aware that they don’t remove CO2, so even though the air might be safer, CO2 levels could still be high in the room.

If you walk into a building and it feels hot, stuffy and crowded, chances are that there is not enough ventilation. Turn around and leave.

By paying attention to air circulation and filtration, improving them where you can and staying away from places where you can’t, you can add another powerful tool to your anti-coronavirus toolkit.

[Understand new developments in science, health and technology, each week. Subscribe to The Conversation’s science newsletter.]The Conversation

Shelly Miller, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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COVID-19 in Costa Rica: 549 new cases; Dota reports infection after 159 days

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(QCOSTARICA) This Wednesday, August 12, the Ministry of Health reported 549 new cases, of which 57 are due to epidemiological nexus and 492 are people who verified that they had COVID-19 through laboratory tests.

Daniel Salas, Minister of Health, reported that the Dota canton registered its first case, on day 159 of the first case, thus all 82 cantons in the country reporting infections

Dota is a small canton, with 7,800 inhabitants, 3,500 of whom live in the center and the rest scattered. The density is 18.48 inhabitants per square kilometer.

For the minister, the fact that so much time passed without contagion and now only one appears, shows “that they have done well.”

The news of the contagion in Dota took Mayor Leonardo Chacón by surprise, who states that he was always aware that it could happen at any time.

“We became aware of the first COVID-19 case in Dota today (Wednesday) at the press conference. We continue the same, with more force, we are making a call for solidarity, we show that it can be done and now we will continue to apply the protocols with more vehemence. We do not know who the infected person is or how they became infected, but we do want them to know that they are not alone, there is a united community here, ”said the mayor.

The official added that they will redouble their efforts so that few cases reach the canton and “ask God” for this person to recover.

The cumulative total of positive cases is now 25,057, of which 8,189 have recovered.

The number of people in hospitals reported on Wednesday is 371, of whom 88 are in intensive care.

The Ministry of Health also reported 8 more deaths, the total now is 263.

 

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Seven Fun Facts About Online Dating

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There are more and more fans of dating apps. Researchers are investigating this phenomenon more and more often. Below are presented 7 interesting (and fun) facts that will help you look at online dating differently.

1.   Love Affairs

People who mentioned the word “Love” in their profiles were more successful in finding it. In 2014, a study was carried out in which about 1.2 million profiles were involved. It turned out that this word magically increases your chances of finding Russian women for marriage and men who use the words “heart, children, romance, and relationship” have several advantages over their competitors.

2.   Liar, Liar

81% of people who use dating apps lie about their height, weight, and age. This interesting fact was discovered by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. They measured the height and weight of the participants, checked their driver’s licenses (for real ages), and then looked at their online profiles.

The women lied about their weight by about eight and a half pounds. Men “lost their weight” a little less — about two pounds, but embellished their height. The majority rounded this figure upward. As for age, there were fewer lies.

3.   Love with Eyes

Men spend 50% less time reading profile information than women. This study was conducted in 2012. Using special sensors that capture the smallest eye movements, the researchers wanted to find out where users actually look when scrolling through someone’s profile. As a result, men spend 65% more time looking at photos.

4.   Support Group

30% of women consult their friends when filling out their online profiles. And only 16% of men do the same. In general, about 22% of users resort to “audience assistance”. They ask their friends to help them create their profile, view it, and rate it.

5.   Alcohol Outreach

Women who do not drink alcohol receive 24% fewer messages than those who do not mind indulging themselves sometimes. It was also found that a woman has a better chance of success if she is Catholic, has a dog, earns more than $25,000, and does not have a master’s degree. A man has a better chance if he is a Christian, dark-haired, earns well, and is a Ph.D. candidate.

6.   No Guarantees

Algorithms cannot accurately predict whether two people are compatible or not. A group of American scientists collaborated on a report describing the disadvantages of online dating. Site owners refused to disclose the secrets of algorithms on their platforms to scientists. However, the scientists stood their ground: well, an algorithm can’t predict whether two people will have a long relationship based only on the similarity of their interests.

7.   Break up Vaccination

The survey was conducted by one of the most famous and largest dating resources in the world. Researchers had to analyze more than 19,000 voices. They found out the following:

  • 35% of respondents found their other half thanks to the Internet;
  • only 45% used the services of specialized dating sites (although others met online, but in other ways).

Another interesting fact: spouses who met online are less likely to divorce than those who met in traditional ways (4% of divorces versus 8%).

 

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Erroneous decree on vehicle restriction corrected

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[HQ] So confusing are the sanitary vehicular restrictions for the period of August 10 to 21 that even the people who wrote the decree couldn’t get it right.

To that end, on Monday, the government had to run to solve an error in the initial executive decree for the areas under orange alert during the so-called closure phase.

What happened?

On Saturday, August 8, the president of the Comision Nacional de Emergencias (CNE), Alexander Solis, explained the “unification” change in the vehicular restrictions of ther 12 days of August.

Solis explained that for Mother’s Day weekend, only vehicles with odd-numbered ending license plates (1,3,5,7,9) can circulate on Saturday, August 15 and even-numbered ending (0,2,4,6,8) on Sunday, August 16.

In the resolution published on August 10, in the official newsletter La Gaceta, it read that on Saturdays only the vehicles with license plates ending in odd numbers and on Sundays those ending in even numbers.

The erroneous decree

Total in contradiction of the announcement made by the CNE president.

The corrected decree

On Tuesday, the corrected version of the decree was published and all is restored, we can now go back to the original confusion state.

In Cantons under orange alert:

  • Mondays: only plates finished in 1 and 2 CAN circulate.
  • Tuesdays: only plates finished in 3 and 4 CAN circulate.
  • Wednesdays: only plates finished in 5 and 6 CAN circulate.
  • Thursdays: only plates finished in 7 and 8 CAN circulate.
  • Fridays: only plates ending in 9 and 0 CAN circulate.
  • Saturday, only plates ending in 1,3,5,7,9 CAN circulate
  • Sunday, only plates ending in 0,2,4,6,8 CAN circulate

Cantons under yellow alert:

  • Mondays: plates ending in 1 and 2 CANNOT circulate.
  • Tuesdays: 3 and 4 CANNOT circulate.
  • Wednesdays: 5 and 6 CANNOT circulate.
  • Thursdays: 7 and 8 CANNOT circulate.
  • Fridays: 9 and 0 CANNOT circulate.
  • Saturday, only plates ending in 1,3,5,7,9 CANNOT circulate
  • Sunday, only plates ending in 0,2,4,6,8 CANNOT circulate

On weekdays, in both orange and yellow alert areas the daytime vehicular restriction is from 5:00 am to 9:00 pm and weekends from 5:00 am to 7:00 pm.

The fine for violating the vehicular restriction is ¢110,000 colones, plus six points on the license (meaning driver ed on renewal) and seizure of license plate and/or vehicle.

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COVID-19 left Escazu without a municipal police

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(QCOSTARICA) The canton of Escazu will be without a municipal police force until August 19, after a positive case of COVID-19 in an official was confirmed. Since Friday night last, the municipality temporarily suspended all police services.

COVID-19 had left the canton of Escazu without a municipal police force until August 19

“It is known that, despite all the measures taken, we work in the front row of this fight, therefore, exposed to these situations. It is the first positive case of one of our colleagues since the beginning of the pandemic,” detailed the official report by the Policia Municipalidad Escazu (PME).

“For reasons of security and responsibility to the population and because one of the colleagues who participated in the rescue in the mountain tested positive for COVID-19, the police service was suspended tonight,” said the PME.

The rescue operation in a mountainous area to which reference is made occurred between Sunday and Monday previous, when 9 members of a family got lost during a recreational hike in one of the upper parts of the canton.

PME officials have reported that all staff are observing mandatory health and sanitary measures in the wake of these test results. PME currently plans to resume providing public services on August 19, 2020.

With the absence of the Municipal Police Force, criminals take advantage in Escazu

During this period, PME will not be staffing police stations, conducting public patrols, or answering calls placed to local stations.

Residents of Escazu needing emergency police assistance are advised to call 911. The Ministry of Security and Fuerza Publica will be responding to emergency situations in Escazu during this time.

 

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Costa Rican man died of COVID in US while waiting to be deported

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(QCOSTARICA) A Costa Rican man in the custody of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) at the Stewart Detention Center in Lumpkin, Georgia, died late Monday at an area hospital.

A detention officer walks through the halls at the Stewart Detention Center in Lumpkin, Georgia. Photo: David Goldman / Associated Press

Seventy-year-old Jose Guillen-Vega was pronounced dead at 11:37 pm local time at the Piedmont Columbus Regional Hospital, in Columbus, Georgia, where he had been hospitalized since Aug. 1, 2020.

The preliminary cause of death by hospital medical staff was determined to be cardiopulmonary arrest, secondary to complications of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

According to the statement by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, on December 16, 1999, Guillen-Vega was admitted to the United States at El Paso, Texas, on a nonimmigrant B-2 visa with authorization to remain in the United States until June 15, 2000.

The Costa Rican subsequently remained illegally in the United States. On March 15, 2001, Guillen-Vega was convicted of statutory rape and indecent liberties with a child in Lincoln County Superior Court in Lincolnton, North Carolina, for which he was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

On July 10, 2020, the Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) Atlanta office took custody of Guillen-Vega following his release from state prison in North Carolina. On the same date, Guillen-Vega was served with an administrative removal order as “an alien convicted of an aggravated felony”.

He was subsequently transferred to Stewart Detention Center in Lumpkin, Georgia, on July 15, 2020. At the time of his death, Guillen-Vega was awaiting removal to Costa Rica.

From ICE

This is the second COVID-19-related death at the facility. Azadeh Shashahani, the legal and advocacy director for Project South, says this was a tragic and preventable death.

“A 70-year-old man should not be held at any detention center in the midst of a pandemic,” she says. “There’s really no possibility to social distance.”

This is the second ICE detainee to die in southwest Georgia after being diagnosed with COVID-19. In May, Santiago Baten-Oxlaj, 34, a Guatemalan man, succumbed to COVID-19 after being held at Stewart. He had been hospitalized in Columbus since April 17 with symptoms of the coronavirus disease, according to ICE.

According to AJC (Atlanta News), CoreCivic — the Nashville-based corrections business that operates Stewart through agreements with Stewart County and ICE — confirmed Tuesday that 79 of its employees who work at the facility had tested positive for the disease. Of those, 64 had recovered and been medically cleared to return to work. The rest are recovering at home, according to CoreCivic.

Nationwide, 4,417 ICE detainees have tested positive for COVID-19. That represents about 21% of ICE’s total detainee count from Friday at 21,494. Three other detainees who were being held by ICE outside of Georgia have died from the disease.

In a statement, ICE said it’s committed to the health and welfare of those in custody and is undertaking an agency-wide review of the death.

“Comprehensive medical care is provided from the moment detainees arrive and throughout the entirety of their stay,” the statement said.

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President Carlos Alvarado taking a break in Guanacaste

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President Carlos Alvarado taking a break in Guanacaste.

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Indigenous Mexicans turn inward to survive COVID-19, barricading villages and growing their own food

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Zapotec farmers return from their ‘milpa,’ the garden plots that provide much of the communities’ food, in Oaxaca, Mexico.
Jeffrey H. Cohen, CC BY-SA

While the coronavirus hammers Mexico, some Indigenous communities in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca are finding creative ways to cope.

Oaxaca, one of Mexico’s poorest and most ethnically diverse states, is home to numerous Indigenous communities, including the Zapotec people. I have spent many years in the central valleys of Oaxaca conducting anthropological research in rural Zapotec villages, documenting the people’s lives, migration patterns and food culture.

Map of Mexico showing Oaxaca
Oaxaca.
TUBS/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY

Now, my summer research in Oaxaca canceled due to the pandemic, I am learning from afar how the Zapotec are confronting the coronavirus given such complicating factors as chronic poverty, inadequate health care, limited internet, language barriers and a lack of running water.

Working with colleagues at Mexico’s Universidad Tecnológica de los Valles Centrales de Oaxaca and scouring online media resources, I find the Zapotec are surviving the pandemic by doing what they’ve always done when the Mexican government can’t, or won’t, help them: drawing on local Indigenous traditions of cooperation, self-reliance and isolation.

So far, it’s working. While infections and death are rising relentlessly across Mexico, many Indigenous communities in Oaxaca remain largely insulated from the coronavirus. The Indigenous Mixtec village of Santos Reyes Yucuná reported its first infection on July 17, for example – four months after COVID-19 reached Mexico.

Indigenous survival strategies

Cooperation is a cornerstone of Zapotec life in Oaxaca. A history of social exclusion by the federal government reminds the Zapotec not to rely on politicians to save them.

People work together from a young age, joining together in “tequio,” or communal labor brigades, to complete projects that can range from painting a school to repairing the electrical grid. Individuals, their families and their friends routinely work together to make small jobs go quickly and to make big jobs seem less overwhelming.

Woman prepares cornmeal for tortillas
A Zapotec woman making tamales using locally grown maiz, or corn.
Jeffrey H. Cohen, CC BY

The Zapotec also maintain relative isolation from broader Mexican society, my research shows. They grow food in their “milpas,” or garden plot, to supplement store-bought fare, and police their own communities with volunteers called “topiles.” With high levels of community trust and a history of self-rule that predates the Spanish conquest, the Zapotec who continue to live in rural Oaxaca neither need nor allow much outside access to their villages.

These three aspects of traditional Zapotec culture – cooperation, isolation and self-reliance – are all helpful in a pandemic.

Chapulines at a market. Jeffrey H. Cohen

According to researcher M.C. Nydia Sanchez of Oaxaca’s Universidad Tecnológica, Zapotec families are sharing scarce resources like food, information, water and face masks in what’s called “guelaguetza,” the practice of working together and gift-giving.

And at a time when Mexico’s food supply chain is under stress, villagers are ensuring no one goes hungry by ramping up their crop of “maiz,” the corn used to make tortillas.

“Chapulines” – grasshoppers harvested from the fields and quickly toasted over a fire – are returning to the table as a protein-rich alternative to expensive, store-bought meats that are no longer available locally.

Consensus rules

The tight-knit nature of Zapotec communities can, however, also complicate other measures critical to limiting residents’ exposure to infection.

These are small villages of no more than a few thousand souls. Everyone knows everyone, and it is typical for Zapotec people to spend much of their day together with family and friends. This can make it difficult to maintain the social distancing recommended by national health officials.

“To no longer greet each other so much on the street [is difficult], because we are used to it,” a Zapotec man named Jose Abel Bautista Gonzalez told Reuters in April. “It is a tradition, the culture of the people.”

Rather than closing their doors to family and friends, then, the Zapotec are aiming to stop COVID-19 from getting in at all.

Across much of Oaxaca, villagers are building barricades made of chain, stones and wood to physically block access into and out of their communities, which are typically served by only one road. Many villages are effectively quarantined from society.

“We decided to set up these barriers so that visitors or outsiders wouldn’t be coming in,” José Manzano, of San Isidro del Palmar, told Global Press Journal on June 28.

Such decisions, like most Zapotec policies, are built upon community consensus – not made on the order of a local or national political leader.

Uncertain future

Indigenous Mexican communities are unlikely to escape unscathed from the pandemic.

Mexico is so far losing its battle with the economic effects of the coronavirus: Jobs are disappearing, and economists predict the national economy may contract by 8% this year. Tourism, the lifeblood of Mexico’s economy, has halted.

That means hunger and a long recession that experts say will impact the rural poor disproportionately. Mexico’s social development agency estimates up to 10 million people may fall into extreme poverty, ending the country’s nearly decade-long run of poverty reduction.

And if the coronavirus does get into Zapotec communities, it will probably hit residents hard. Their villages lack the running water, social distancing, mask supply and health care necessary to slow the spread of the disease.

An anti-cholera campaign for clean drinking water in Oaxaca. Jeffrey H. Cohen

The lack of potable water additionally increases the risk that intestinal problems like cholera, among other health conditions common in rural Indigenous populations, will exacerbate the effects of COVID-19.

The Mexican government has committed to build more rural hospitals, including in Oaxaca. But the virus moves faster than construction crews. The Zapotec’s best bet, they know, is still themselves.

Editor’s note: This story has been updated to accurately characterize the Indigenous inhabitants of the village Santos Reyes Yucuná.

This article by Jeffrey H. Cohen, Professor of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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How COVID-19 could impact travel for years to come

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A traveller walks between empty check-in kiosks at Toronto’s Pearson International Airport in June 2020. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Nathan Denette

In late 2019, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) published its “Economic Performance of the Airline Industry” report. It contained a 2020 forecast of 4.1 per cent growth in global air traffic demand and net post-tax profits for North American airlines of US$16.5 billion.

Travel industry consulting firms predicted the continuing pattern of travel growth across all of the major components of travel including hotels, cruises and surface travel as well as air. The forecast for travel was sunny, with few clouds on the horizon.

Fast forward to the summer of 2020, and the IATA is forecasting the worst financial performance in the history of commercial aviation, predicting a global loss of US$84 billion. And the aerospace industry supporting airlines with equipment parts and services pronounced that 2020 is the gravest crisis the industry has ever known.

Permanent changes?

Let’s review the lessons being learned by the travel industry during the COVID-19 pandemic and how travel might be different as the world deals with the aftermath.

Travel has evolved significantly in the past six months since the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. There will likely be a number of current initiatives in passenger and facility hygiene and sanitation that will stay in place post-pandemic.

The woes of cruise ship operators, in the meantime, will continue as travellers continue to remain wary of travel in confined spaces.

A huge cruise ship approaches a harbour as a person watches at the end of a pier in the foreground.
The AIDAdiva cruise ship, on a 10-day trip from New York to Montréal, arrives in Halifax in October 2018. Travellers are likely to remain wary of cruises post-pandemic. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Andrew Vaughan

Public health officials have identified three societal practices that are key to controlling the spread of COVID-19, each of which have an impact on the allure of travel — a social distancing of two metres, frequent and intense hand-washing to reduce the risk of hand-borne transmission of the virus to the face, and face coverings in confined spaces.

While it’s generally accepted that the minimum social distancing cannot be maintained while travelling in today’s commercial aircraft, some carriers — though not all, including Air Canada — have adopted a policy of leaving an open seat beside a passenger.

Empty middle seats

This initiative has attracted the attention of both public health officials as well air transport executives and associations, resulting in an attempts by an American legislator to regulate empty middle seats on flights. Airline executives have predicted a dire financial impact from this attempt to ease crowding on airliners.

The empty interior of an airplane, with no passengers in any of the seats
Some airlines are leaving the middle seats empty on flights. (Piqsels)

Quarantines are also being used by authorities to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 from travellers arriving from jurisdictions that have a higher level of virus cases.

These quarantines range from in-country travel bans among states or provinces to national quarantines for travellers arriving from high-risk regions. Typical quarantine provisions can range from seven days to 14 days of self-isolation, with some authorities imposing strict adherence through personal monitoring systems.

Travellers’ health concerns are being reinforced by public health officials who are advocating for a return to lockdowns and advisories to refrain from travel, including from the top infectious disease expert in the United States, Anthony Fauci, who has raised concerns about the risks of getting on an aircraft. The debate between public health officials and airline executives will undoubtedly remain tense as the world continues to grapple with the first wave, and in some places a second wave, of COVID-19 outbreaks.

‘Travel bubbles’

A growing number of countries have allowed the travel industry to promote “travel bubbles” and “corona corridors” as first steps to jumpstart air travel and tourism. These measures involve agreements with neighbouring regions that allow for travel across borders for non-essential trips without quarantining upon arrival.

But there’s still the risk that such efforts will be short-lived given the resurgence of COVID-19 and the subsequent reimposition of quarantine practices in various parts of the world, including Spain.

A couple holds hands as they walk along a promenade, with white-washed buildings behind them and palm trees to the right.
Tourists and locals walk in the town of Sóller in the Balearic Islands of Spain on July 29, 2020. Concerns over a new wave of coronavirus infections brought on by returning vacationers to the U.K. are wreaking havoc across Spain’s tourism industry. (AP Photo/Joan Mateu)

The need to develop an effective contact tracing platform that would have global connectivity has been broached, but it remains in the discussion stage only. Issues such as personal information rights and general distribution of location data have raised privacy concerns in a number of countries.

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has recommended several data-sharing practices, but the UN body also acknowledges that a global, harmonized deployment ought to be a guiding principle to successfully contain the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

IATA has also produced a set of guidelines for a gradual return of air services

The consensus among public health officials and travel industry executives is that travel will continue to stagnate until a COVID-19 vaccine is effectively administered globally.

But questions remain.

Will the industry survive until a vaccine?

How long until there’s a vaccine, and can the travel industry survive until then?

What role should governments play in ensuring the survival of the travel industry as it waits for the vaccine?

Will public health pressure be sufficient to overcome the reticence to share personal contact movement and information?

As the world progresses towards a COVID-19 vaccine and the eventual control of the virus, the travel industry will most certainly face demands from the travelling public to maintain several of the current safety and hygiene initiatives.

Cleanliness and sanitization will become the norm. Touchless interactions will proliferate, and technology will reduce human interaction.

Will the joy and exhilaration of travel return? Yes, but with a new value proposition built around safe and secure travel. Much like air travel changed after 9/11 with security screening, so will COVID-19 change our demands for a safe, clean travel experience.The Conversation

 

This article by John Gradek, Faculty Lecturer and Program Co-ordinator, Global Aviation Leadership Program, McGill University is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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COVID-19 in Costa Rica: 636 new cases; changes in alert of several cantons

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(QCOSTARICA) the Ministry of Health reported Tuesday, August 11, 636 new cases of COVID-19 in the country in 59 of the 81 cantons that have at least one confirmed case reported since the beginning of the pandemic.

Dota is the only canton in the country that still does not register confirmed cases of COVID-19.

The majority of the new infections reported were in the cantons of San Jose, with 141, followed by Desamparados with 48, Heredia with 39, Alajuela with 30, Curridabat with 27, Goicoechea with 22, San Carlos with 21, Tibás with 21, La Unión with 20, Corredores and Escazú with 19, and Alajuelita with 18.

The cumulative total of positive cases is now 24,508, of which 18,062 are Costa Ricans and 6,414 foreigners.

The number of recoveries continues to be low despite the number of new cases is over 500 daily, for a total now of 7,971 or 32.5% of all cases.

The number of deaths continues to rise, with 11 more added on Tuesday, for a total of 255. Gone are the days when days would pass before a death was reported and that number was greater than 1, we were in shock.

The number of people in hospital on Tuesday was 383, of which 85 are in intensive care, ranging in age from 52 to 87 years. The median age of the hospitalized is 59 years.

Changes in alerts

On Tuesday, Alexander Sollis, president of the Comision Nacional de Emergencias (CNE), announced changes in alert for several cantons, some upgraded to orange from yellow, while others demoted.

From orange to yellow, due to a significant increase in the number of registered cases, effective August 12 are:

  • Belén in Heredia
  • Puriscal in San José
  • Parrita de Puntarenas

Downgraded from orange to yellow, are:

  • Moravia
  • Vázquez de Coronado
  • Barva
  • Vara Blanca district of the canton of Heredia;
  • Barranca and Chacarita de Puntarenas
  • Corredor de Corredores, Pavones de Golfito
  • Agua Buena
  • Sabalito de Coto Brus.

 

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